Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety

Nicole P Bowles, Maya X Herzig, Steven A Shea Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USAThe recent legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational use in many states in the United States and internationally4...

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Autores principales:	Bowles NP, Herzig MX, Shea SA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	Cannabis sleep workplace Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1ffaa6be251e46b088d1f69b3cf79f28
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1ffaa6be251e46b088d1f69b3cf79f282021-12-02T03:00:12ZRecent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/1ffaa6be251e46b088d1f69b3cf79f282017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/recent-legalization-of-cannabis-use-effects-on-sleep-health-and-workpl-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Nicole P Bowles, Maya X Herzig, Steven A Shea Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USAThe recent legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational use in many states in the United States and internationally4,5 has resulted in a decrease in stigma and of perceived risk of cannabis use, more frequent use of cannabis, use of higher potency cannabis products, and increased dependence on cannabis use.6–8 Cannabis sativa and its derivatives are often used for improved sleep and relaxation; characteristics originally attributed to Indian hemp in the nineteenth century.1–3 Cannabis alters the sleep–wake cycle, increases the production of melatonin, and can inhibit the arousal system by activating cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors in the basal forebrain and other wakepromoting centers.9–12 Investigations have shown that the major psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can decrease sleep onset latency in naïve users or at low doses in experienced users (eg, 70 mg/day); however, higher doses in experienced users increased sleep latency and wake after sleep onset.9,13,14 Indeed, frequent cannabis users (≥5 uses/week for 3 months and lifetime use ≥2 years) are reported to have shorter total sleep duration, less slow wave sleep, worse sleep efficiency, and longer sleep onset compared to controls.15 The contrasting benefits of THC exposure may represent the biphasic influence of THC on CB1 receptors whereby acute use causes more activation of CB1 receptors and tendency toward sleep, but long-term use results in desensitization of the CB1 receptor and decreased downstream signaling.Bowles NPHerzig MXShea SADove Medical PressarticleCannabissleepworkplacePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 9, Pp 249-251 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cannabis sleep workplace Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Cannabis sleep workplace Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Bowles NP Herzig MX Shea SA Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
description	Nicole P Bowles, Maya X Herzig, Steven A Shea Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USAThe recent legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational use in many states in the United States and internationally4,5 has resulted in a decrease in stigma and of perceived risk of cannabis use, more frequent use of cannabis, use of higher potency cannabis products, and increased dependence on cannabis use.6–8 Cannabis sativa and its derivatives are often used for improved sleep and relaxation; characteristics originally attributed to Indian hemp in the nineteenth century.1–3 Cannabis alters the sleep–wake cycle, increases the production of melatonin, and can inhibit the arousal system by activating cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors in the basal forebrain and other wakepromoting centers.9–12 Investigations have shown that the major psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can decrease sleep onset latency in naïve users or at low doses in experienced users (eg, 70 mg/day); however, higher doses in experienced users increased sleep latency and wake after sleep onset.9,13,14 Indeed, frequent cannabis users (≥5 uses/week for 3 months and lifetime use ≥2 years) are reported to have shorter total sleep duration, less slow wave sleep, worse sleep efficiency, and longer sleep onset compared to controls.15 The contrasting benefits of THC exposure may represent the biphasic influence of THC on CB1 receptors whereby acute use causes more activation of CB1 receptors and tendency toward sleep, but long-term use results in desensitization of the CB1 receptor and decreased downstream signaling.
format	article
author	Bowles NP Herzig MX Shea SA
author_facet	Bowles NP Herzig MX Shea SA
author_sort	Bowles NP
title	Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
title_short	Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
title_full	Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
title_fullStr	Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
title_full_unstemmed	Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
title_sort	recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/1ffaa6be251e46b088d1f69b3cf79f28
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Recent legalization of cannabis use: effects on sleep, health, and workplace safety

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