Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica

Background: Hands-only bystander CPR increases survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Video-based CPR instruction in schools has been proposed as a means to mass-educate laypersons in Hands-only CPR™ (HOCPR), in developed as well as developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study...

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Autores principales:	Kristin M. Schmid, Raquel Quiros García, Manrique Montoya Fernandez, Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman, Steven R. Lowenstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2018
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/20036d3eba9c4ad48d0e85b54a33414a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:20036d3eba9c4ad48d0e85b54a33414a2021-12-02T03:47:26ZTeaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica2214-999610.29024/aogh.2367https://doaj.org/article/20036d3eba9c4ad48d0e85b54a33414a2018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2367https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Hands-only bystander CPR increases survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Video-based CPR instruction in schools has been proposed as a means to mass-educate laypersons in Hands-only CPR™ (HOCPR), in developed as well as developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a brief video- and mannequin-based instructional program, developed by the American Heart Association (AHA), is an effective strategy for teaching Costa Rican middle- and high-school age children to learn the steps of HOCPR. Methods: This study took place in four educational centers that spanned the entire socioeconomic spectrum within the Grand Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Three hundred and eight students from the sixth to eleventh grades participated. The intervention included exposure to the AHA “CPR Anytime” video and practice with CPR mannequins. Before and after the intervention, students took a four-question, multiple-choice quiz that measured their knowledge of the correct steps and proper techniques of HOCPR; a separate question assessed their level of comfort “doing CPR on someone with a cardiac arrest.” Pre- and post-intervention “percent correct” scores were compared and tested for statistical significance using paired t-tests or the McNemar test as appropriate. Improvement in knowledge and comfort levels were also compared across the different educational centers and compared with similar programs implemented in the United States. Results: The students’ overall scores (mean percent correct) on the multiple choice questions more than doubled after training (40.9% ± 1.4% before training vs. 92.5% ± 0.9% after training, p < 0.00001). Improvements were observed in each school, regardless of geographic location or socioeconomic status. Knowledge of the appropriate steps of HOCPR doubled after training (42.2% before training vs. 92.5% after training, p < 0.000001). Post-intervention, a majority (73%) of children reported comfort with performing CPR on an individual who had suffered a cardiac arrest. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the AHA “CPR Anytime” program in teaching HOCPR to school-age children within the Grand Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Additional studies are needed to measure longer-term knowledge retention and students’ ability to perform CPR in simulated cardiac arrest settings.Kristin M. SchmidRaquel Quiros GarcíaManrique Montoya FernandezNee-Kofi Mould-MillmanSteven R. LowensteinUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 84, Iss 4 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Kristin M. Schmid Raquel Quiros García Manrique Montoya Fernandez Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman Steven R. Lowenstein Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
description	Background: Hands-only bystander CPR increases survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Video-based CPR instruction in schools has been proposed as a means to mass-educate laypersons in Hands-only CPR™ (HOCPR), in developed as well as developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a brief video- and mannequin-based instructional program, developed by the American Heart Association (AHA), is an effective strategy for teaching Costa Rican middle- and high-school age children to learn the steps of HOCPR. Methods: This study took place in four educational centers that spanned the entire socioeconomic spectrum within the Grand Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Three hundred and eight students from the sixth to eleventh grades participated. The intervention included exposure to the AHA “CPR Anytime” video and practice with CPR mannequins. Before and after the intervention, students took a four-question, multiple-choice quiz that measured their knowledge of the correct steps and proper techniques of HOCPR; a separate question assessed their level of comfort “doing CPR on someone with a cardiac arrest.” Pre- and post-intervention “percent correct” scores were compared and tested for statistical significance using paired t-tests or the McNemar test as appropriate. Improvement in knowledge and comfort levels were also compared across the different educational centers and compared with similar programs implemented in the United States. Results: The students’ overall scores (mean percent correct) on the multiple choice questions more than doubled after training (40.9% ± 1.4% before training vs. 92.5% ± 0.9% after training, p < 0.00001). Improvements were observed in each school, regardless of geographic location or socioeconomic status. Knowledge of the appropriate steps of HOCPR doubled after training (42.2% before training vs. 92.5% after training, p < 0.000001). Post-intervention, a majority (73%) of children reported comfort with performing CPR on an individual who had suffered a cardiac arrest. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the AHA “CPR Anytime” program in teaching HOCPR to school-age children within the Grand Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Additional studies are needed to measure longer-term knowledge retention and students’ ability to perform CPR in simulated cardiac arrest settings.
format	article
author	Kristin M. Schmid Raquel Quiros García Manrique Montoya Fernandez Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman Steven R. Lowenstein
author_facet	Kristin M. Schmid Raquel Quiros García Manrique Montoya Fernandez Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman Steven R. Lowenstein
author_sort	Kristin M. Schmid
title	Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
title_short	Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
title_full	Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
title_fullStr	Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
title_full_unstemmed	Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica
title_sort	teaching hands-only cpr in schools: a program evaluation in san josé, costa rica
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/20036d3eba9c4ad48d0e85b54a33414a
work_keys_str_mv	AT kristinmschmid teachinghandsonlycprinschoolsaprogramevaluationinsanjosecostarica AT raquelquirosgarcia teachinghandsonlycprinschoolsaprogramevaluationinsanjosecostarica AT manriquemontoyafernandez teachinghandsonlycprinschoolsaprogramevaluationinsanjosecostarica AT neekofimouldmillman teachinghandsonlycprinschoolsaprogramevaluationinsanjosecostarica AT stevenrlowenstein teachinghandsonlycprinschoolsaprogramevaluationinsanjosecostarica
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Teaching Hands-Only CPR in Schools: A Program Evaluation in San José, Costa Rica

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