Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques

While the inhalation of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. essential oil (EO) is commonly approved for the treatment of mild respiratory infections, there is still a lack of data regarding the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of its vapours. The antibacterial activity of the three...

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Autores principales:	Julien Antih, Marketa Houdkova, Klara Urbanova, Ladislav Kokoska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial activity broth microdilution headspace analysis respiratory infections thyme vapour phase Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/20131b052da04afd94ebfe0e0d03b562
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:20131b052da04afd94ebfe0e0d03b562
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:20131b052da04afd94ebfe0e0d03b5622021-11-11T18:32:10ZAntibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques10.3390/molecules262165531420-3049https://doaj.org/article/20131b052da04afd94ebfe0e0d03b5622021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6553https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049While the inhalation of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. essential oil (EO) is commonly approved for the treatment of mild respiratory infections, there is still a lack of data regarding the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of its vapours. The antibacterial activity of the three <i>T. vulgaris</i> EOs against respiratory pathogens, including <i>Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes,</i> was assessed in both liquid and vapour phases using the broth microdilution volatilisation (BMV) method. With the aim of optimising a protocol for the characterisation of EO vapours, their chemical profiles were determined using two headspace sampling techniques coupled with GC/MS: solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and syringe headspace sampling technique (HS-GTS). All EO sample vapours exhibited antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 512 to 1024 μg/mL. According to the sampling technique used, results showed a different distribution of volatile compounds. Notably, thymol was found in lower amounts in the headspace—peak percentage areas below 5.27% (HS-SPME) and 0.60% (HS-GTS)—than in EOs (max. 48.65%), suggesting that its antimicrobial effect is higher in vapour. Furthermore, both headspace sampling techniques were proved to be complementary for the analysis of EO vapours, whereas HS-SPME yielded more accurate qualitative results and HS-GTS proved a better technique for quantitative analysis.Julien AntihMarketa HoudkovaKlara UrbanovaLadislav KokoskaMDPI AGarticleantimicrobial activitybroth microdilutionheadspace analysisrespiratory infectionsthymevapour phaseOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6553, p 6553 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial activity broth microdilution headspace analysis respiratory infections thyme vapour phase Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	antimicrobial activity broth microdilution headspace analysis respiratory infections thyme vapour phase Organic chemistry QD241-441 Julien Antih Marketa Houdkova Klara Urbanova Ladislav Kokoska Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
description	While the inhalation of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. essential oil (EO) is commonly approved for the treatment of mild respiratory infections, there is still a lack of data regarding the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of its vapours. The antibacterial activity of the three <i>T. vulgaris</i> EOs against respiratory pathogens, including <i>Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes,</i> was assessed in both liquid and vapour phases using the broth microdilution volatilisation (BMV) method. With the aim of optimising a protocol for the characterisation of EO vapours, their chemical profiles were determined using two headspace sampling techniques coupled with GC/MS: solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and syringe headspace sampling technique (HS-GTS). All EO sample vapours exhibited antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 512 to 1024 μg/mL. According to the sampling technique used, results showed a different distribution of volatile compounds. Notably, thymol was found in lower amounts in the headspace—peak percentage areas below 5.27% (HS-SPME) and 0.60% (HS-GTS)—than in EOs (max. 48.65%), suggesting that its antimicrobial effect is higher in vapour. Furthermore, both headspace sampling techniques were proved to be complementary for the analysis of EO vapours, whereas HS-SPME yielded more accurate qualitative results and HS-GTS proved a better technique for quantitative analysis.
format	article
author	Julien Antih Marketa Houdkova Klara Urbanova Ladislav Kokoska
author_facet	Julien Antih Marketa Houdkova Klara Urbanova Ladislav Kokoska
author_sort	Julien Antih
title	Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
title_short	Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
title_full	Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
title_fullStr	Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques
title_sort	antibacterial activity of <i>thymus vulgaris</i> l. essential oil vapours and their gc/ms analysis using solid-phase microextraction and syringe headspace sampling techniques
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/20131b052da04afd94ebfe0e0d03b562
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Antibacterial Activity of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> L. Essential Oil Vapours and Their GC/MS Analysis Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Syringe Headspace Sampling Techniques

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