Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle

Abstract The Late Bronze of the Eastern Mediterranean (1550–1150 BCE) was a period of strong commercial relations and great prosperity, which ended in collapse and migration of groups to the Levant. Here we aim at studying the translocation of cattle and pigs during this period. We sequenced the fir...

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Autores principales:	Meirav Meiri, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Nimrod Marom, Guy Bar-Oz, Lidar Sapir-Hen, Peggy Morgenstern, Stella Macheridis, Baruch Rosen, Dorothée Huchon, Joseph Maran, Israel Finkelstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/202acfcd87a341c38d056ec0abb193f0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:202acfcd87a341c38d056ec0abb193f02021-12-02T12:30:26ZEastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle10.1038/s41598-017-00701-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/202acfcd87a341c38d056ec0abb193f02017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00701-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Late Bronze of the Eastern Mediterranean (1550–1150 BCE) was a period of strong commercial relations and great prosperity, which ended in collapse and migration of groups to the Levant. Here we aim at studying the translocation of cattle and pigs during this period. We sequenced the first ancient mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA of cattle from Greece and Israel and compared the results with morphometric analysis of the metacarpal in cattle. We also increased previous ancient pig DNA datasets from Israel and extracted the first mitochondrial DNA for samples from Greece. We found that pigs underwent a complex translocation history, with links between Anatolia with southeastern Europe in the Bronze Age, and movement from southeastern Europe to the Levant in the Iron I (ca. 1150–950 BCE). Our genetic data did not indicate movement of cattle between the Aegean region and the southern Levant. We detected the earliest evidence for crossbreeding between taurine and zebu cattle in the Iron IIA (ca. 900 BCE). In light of archaeological and historical evidence on Egyptian imperial domination in the region in the Late Bronze Age, we suggest that Egypt attempted to expand dry farming in the region in a period of severe droughts.Meirav MeiriPhilipp W. StockhammerNimrod MaromGuy Bar-OzLidar Sapir-HenPeggy MorgensternStella MacheridisBaruch RosenDorothée HuchonJoseph MaranIsrael FinkelsteinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Meirav Meiri Philipp W. Stockhammer Nimrod Marom Guy Bar-Oz Lidar Sapir-Hen Peggy Morgenstern Stella Macheridis Baruch Rosen Dorothée Huchon Joseph Maran Israel Finkelstein Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
description	Abstract The Late Bronze of the Eastern Mediterranean (1550–1150 BCE) was a period of strong commercial relations and great prosperity, which ended in collapse and migration of groups to the Levant. Here we aim at studying the translocation of cattle and pigs during this period. We sequenced the first ancient mitochondrial and Y chromosome DNA of cattle from Greece and Israel and compared the results with morphometric analysis of the metacarpal in cattle. We also increased previous ancient pig DNA datasets from Israel and extracted the first mitochondrial DNA for samples from Greece. We found that pigs underwent a complex translocation history, with links between Anatolia with southeastern Europe in the Bronze Age, and movement from southeastern Europe to the Levant in the Iron I (ca. 1150–950 BCE). Our genetic data did not indicate movement of cattle between the Aegean region and the southern Levant. We detected the earliest evidence for crossbreeding between taurine and zebu cattle in the Iron IIA (ca. 900 BCE). In light of archaeological and historical evidence on Egyptian imperial domination in the region in the Late Bronze Age, we suggest that Egypt attempted to expand dry farming in the region in a period of severe droughts.
format	article
author	Meirav Meiri Philipp W. Stockhammer Nimrod Marom Guy Bar-Oz Lidar Sapir-Hen Peggy Morgenstern Stella Macheridis Baruch Rosen Dorothée Huchon Joseph Maran Israel Finkelstein
author_facet	Meirav Meiri Philipp W. Stockhammer Nimrod Marom Guy Bar-Oz Lidar Sapir-Hen Peggy Morgenstern Stella Macheridis Baruch Rosen Dorothée Huchon Joseph Maran Israel Finkelstein
author_sort	Meirav Meiri
title	Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
title_short	Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
title_full	Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
title_fullStr	Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
title_full_unstemmed	Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle
title_sort	eastern mediterranean mobility in the bronze and early iron ages: inferences from ancient dna of pigs and cattle
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/202acfcd87a341c38d056ec0abb193f0
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Eastern Mediterranean Mobility in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages: Inferences from Ancient DNA of Pigs and Cattle

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