Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis

Abstract The optimal defence hypothesis predicts that increased plant defence capabilities, lower levels of damage, and lower investment in vegetative biomass will occur more frequently in sexual forms with higher resource-demanding tissue production and/or younger plant parts. We aimed to examine t...

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Autores principales:	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur, Emilio González-Camarena, Hector Javier León-Solano, Mario Alberto Sandoval-Molina, Bartosz Jenner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/208c45575d494dd3b070009b87adf114
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:208c45575d494dd3b070009b87adf1142021-12-02T17:52:41ZImpact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis10.1038/s41598-021-91524-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/208c45575d494dd3b070009b87adf1142021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91524-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The optimal defence hypothesis predicts that increased plant defence capabilities, lower levels of damage, and lower investment in vegetative biomass will occur more frequently in sexual forms with higher resource-demanding tissue production and/or younger plant parts. We aimed to examine the effects of sexual form, cladode, and flower age on growth rate, herbivore damage, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), chlorogenic acid, and quercetin (QUE) concentrations in Opuntia robusta plants in central Mexico. Our findings demonstrated that hermaphrodite flowers showed faster growth and lesser damage than female flowers. The effect of cladode sexual forms on 4-HBA and QUE occurrence was consistent with the predictions of the optimal defence hypothesis. However, chlorogenic acid occurrences were not significantly affected by sexual forms. Old cladodes exhibited higher QUE and 4-HBA occurrences than young cladodes, and hermaphrodites exhibited higher 4-HBA concentrations than females. Resource allocation for reproduction and secondary metabolite production, and growth was higher and lower, respectively, in females, compared to hermaphrodites, indicating a trade-off between investment in reproduction, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Secondary metabolite concentrations in O. robusta plants were not negatively correlated with herbivore damage, and the two traits were not accurate predictors of plant reproductive output.Mariusz Krzysztof JanczurEmilio González-CamarenaHector Javier León-SolanoMario Alberto Sandoval-MolinaBartosz JennerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Emilio González-Camarena Hector Javier León-Solano Mario Alberto Sandoval-Molina Bartosz Jenner Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
description	Abstract The optimal defence hypothesis predicts that increased plant defence capabilities, lower levels of damage, and lower investment in vegetative biomass will occur more frequently in sexual forms with higher resource-demanding tissue production and/or younger plant parts. We aimed to examine the effects of sexual form, cladode, and flower age on growth rate, herbivore damage, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), chlorogenic acid, and quercetin (QUE) concentrations in Opuntia robusta plants in central Mexico. Our findings demonstrated that hermaphrodite flowers showed faster growth and lesser damage than female flowers. The effect of cladode sexual forms on 4-HBA and QUE occurrence was consistent with the predictions of the optimal defence hypothesis. However, chlorogenic acid occurrences were not significantly affected by sexual forms. Old cladodes exhibited higher QUE and 4-HBA occurrences than young cladodes, and hermaphrodites exhibited higher 4-HBA concentrations than females. Resource allocation for reproduction and secondary metabolite production, and growth was higher and lower, respectively, in females, compared to hermaphrodites, indicating a trade-off between investment in reproduction, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Secondary metabolite concentrations in O. robusta plants were not negatively correlated with herbivore damage, and the two traits were not accurate predictors of plant reproductive output.
format	article
author	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Emilio González-Camarena Hector Javier León-Solano Mario Alberto Sandoval-Molina Bartosz Jenner
author_facet	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur Emilio González-Camarena Hector Javier León-Solano Mario Alberto Sandoval-Molina Bartosz Jenner
author_sort	Mariusz Krzysztof Janczur
title	Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
title_short	Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
title_full	Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
title_fullStr	Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
title_sort	impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/208c45575d494dd3b070009b87adf114
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariuszkrzysztofjanczur impactofthefemaleandhermaphroditeformsofopuntiarobustaontheplantdefencehypothesis AT emiliogonzalezcamarena impactofthefemaleandhermaphroditeformsofopuntiarobustaontheplantdefencehypothesis AT hectorjavierleonsolano impactofthefemaleandhermaphroditeformsofopuntiarobustaontheplantdefencehypothesis AT marioalbertosandovalmolina impactofthefemaleandhermaphroditeformsofopuntiarobustaontheplantdefencehypothesis AT bartoszjenner impactofthefemaleandhermaphroditeformsofopuntiarobustaontheplantdefencehypothesis
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Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis

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