Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin

We investigated the photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) properties of tin-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for solution-processable all-solid-state EC devices. The PC effect is shown to be enhanced by the addition of Sn into the precursor NiO solution. We fabricated an EC device with six la...

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Autores principales:	Gieun Kim, Songeun Hong, Suho Yoo, Jongwoon Park
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	all-solid-state electrochromic devices nickel oxide tin dioxide sol-gel process Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/20a2d1c350614bedb38f91f12acecd4d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:20a2d1c350614bedb38f91f12acecd4d2021-11-25T17:17:09ZSolution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin10.3390/coatings111114312079-6412https://doaj.org/article/20a2d1c350614bedb38f91f12acecd4d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1431https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412We investigated the photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) properties of tin-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for solution-processable all-solid-state EC devices. The PC effect is shown to be enhanced by the addition of Sn into the precursor NiO solution. We fabricated an EC device with six layers—ITO/TiO<sub>2</sub> (counter electrode)/SnO<sub>2</sub> (ion-conducting layer)/SiO<sub>2</sub> (barrier)/NiO doped with tin (EC layer)/ITO—by a hybrid fabrication process (sputtering for ITO and TiO<sub>2</sub>, sol–gel spin coating for SnO<sub>2</sub> and NiO). The EC effect was also observed to be improved with the Sn-doped NiO layer. It was demonstrated that UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment is one of the critical processes that determine the EC performance of the hydroxide ion-based device. UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment generates hydroxide ions, induces phase separation from a single mixture of SnO<sub>2</sub> and silicone oil, and improves the surface morphology of the films, thereby boosting the performance of EC devices. EC performance can be enhanced further by optimizing the thickness of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> layers. Specifically, the SiO<sub>2</sub> barrier blocks the transport of charges, bringing in an increase in anodic coloration. We achieved the transmittance modulation of 38.3% and the coloration efficiency of 39.7 cm<sup>2</sup>/C. We also evaluated the heat resistance of the all-solid-state EC device and found that the transmittance modulation was decreased by 36% from its initial value at 100 °C. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a large-area EC device can be fabricated using slot-die coating without much compromise on EC performance.Gieun KimSongeun HongSuho YooJongwoon ParkMDPI AGarticleall-solid-stateelectrochromic devicesnickel oxidetin dioxidesol-gel processEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1431, p 1431 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	all-solid-state electrochromic devices nickel oxide tin dioxide sol-gel process Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	all-solid-state electrochromic devices nickel oxide tin dioxide sol-gel process Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Gieun Kim Songeun Hong Suho Yoo Jongwoon Park Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
description	We investigated the photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) properties of tin-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for solution-processable all-solid-state EC devices. The PC effect is shown to be enhanced by the addition of Sn into the precursor NiO solution. We fabricated an EC device with six layers—ITO/TiO<sub>2</sub> (counter electrode)/SnO<sub>2</sub> (ion-conducting layer)/SiO<sub>2</sub> (barrier)/NiO doped with tin (EC layer)/ITO—by a hybrid fabrication process (sputtering for ITO and TiO<sub>2</sub>, sol–gel spin coating for SnO<sub>2</sub> and NiO). The EC effect was also observed to be improved with the Sn-doped NiO layer. It was demonstrated that UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment is one of the critical processes that determine the EC performance of the hydroxide ion-based device. UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment generates hydroxide ions, induces phase separation from a single mixture of SnO<sub>2</sub> and silicone oil, and improves the surface morphology of the films, thereby boosting the performance of EC devices. EC performance can be enhanced further by optimizing the thickness of TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> layers. Specifically, the SiO<sub>2</sub> barrier blocks the transport of charges, bringing in an increase in anodic coloration. We achieved the transmittance modulation of 38.3% and the coloration efficiency of 39.7 cm<sup>2</sup>/C. We also evaluated the heat resistance of the all-solid-state EC device and found that the transmittance modulation was decreased by 36% from its initial value at 100 °C. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a large-area EC device can be fabricated using slot-die coating without much compromise on EC performance.
format	article
author	Gieun Kim Songeun Hong Suho Yoo Jongwoon Park
author_facet	Gieun Kim Songeun Hong Suho Yoo Jongwoon Park
author_sort	Gieun Kim
title	Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
title_short	Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
title_full	Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
title_fullStr	Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
title_full_unstemmed	Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin
title_sort	solution-processed all-solid-state electrochromic devices based on sno<sub>2</sub>/nio doped with tin
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/20a2d1c350614bedb38f91f12acecd4d
work_keys_str_mv	AT gieunkim solutionprocessedallsolidstateelectrochromicdevicesbasedonsnosub2subniodopedwithtin AT songeunhong solutionprocessedallsolidstateelectrochromicdevicesbasedonsnosub2subniodopedwithtin AT suhoyoo solutionprocessedallsolidstateelectrochromicdevicesbasedonsnosub2subniodopedwithtin AT jongwoonpark solutionprocessedallsolidstateelectrochromicdevicesbasedonsnosub2subniodopedwithtin
_version_	1718412516897325056

Solution-Processed All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices Based on SnO<sub>2</sub>/NiO doped with Tin

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