Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Yau-Jiunn Lee,1 Chao-Ping Wang,2,3 Wei-Chin Hung,2,4 Wei-Hua Tang,1 Yu-Hung Chang,1 Der-Wei Hu,1 Yung-Chuan Lu,3,5 Teng-Hung Yu,2,4 Cheng-Ching Wu,2,4,6 Fu-Mei Chung,2 Chia-Chang Hsu4,7,8 1Lee’s Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan; 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal M...

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Autores principales:	Lee YJ, Wang CP, Hung WC, Tang WH, Chang YH, Hu DW, Lu YC, Yu TH, Wu CC, Chung FM, Hsu CC
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	bidirectional relationship chronic kidney disease non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk factor structural equation modeling type 2 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/20c2edd727c94d0eaa53fb4203f53cb5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:20c2edd727c94d0eaa53fb4203f53cb52021-12-02T09:35:48ZCommon and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/20c2edd727c94d0eaa53fb4203f53cb52020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/common-and-unique-factors-and-the-bidirectional-relationship-between-c-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Yau-Jiunn Lee,1 Chao-Ping Wang,2,3 Wei-Chin Hung,2,4 Wei-Hua Tang,1 Yu-Hung Chang,1 Der-Wei Hu,1 Yung-Chuan Lu,3,5 Teng-Hung Yu,2,4 Cheng-Ching Wu,2,4,6 Fu-Mei Chung,2 Chia-Chang Hsu4,7,8 1Lee’s Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan; 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 3School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 4The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 6Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 7Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 8Health Examination Center, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80794, TaiwanCorrespondence: Chia-Chang HsuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanTel +886-7-615-1100 ext. 5914 or 5018Email aladarhsu1107@gmail.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the common and unique risk factors and bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM enrolled in a disease management program at two specialized diabetes outpatient clinics. Common and unique risk factors for CKD and NAFLD were examined using structural equation models (SEMs). SEMs were also used to examine direct and indirect effects of NAFLD on CKD and those of CKD on NAFLD.Results: A total of 1992 subjects with T2DM were enrolled in this study. In multivariate analysis, NAFLD was independently associated with the odds of CKD (adjusted odds ratio=1.59, 95% confidence interval=1.12– 2.25, P=0.009). SEMs showed that age, triglyceride, uric acid (UA), albumin, and HbA1c levels had statistically significant direct effects on CKD, and the final model could explain 22% of the variability in CKD. Age, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), UA, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level, and smoking status had statistically significant direct effects on NAFLD, and the final model could explain 43% of the variability in NAFLD. The common risk factors contributing to both CKD and NAFLD were age, triglycerides, and UA. The unique risk factors were albumin and HbA1c for CKD, and BMI, WBC, SGPT, and smoking for NAFLD. In addition, SEM analysis also confirmed the bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and CKD.Conclusion: Common and unique risk factors and a bidirectional relationship existed between CKD and NAFLD in our patients with T2DM.Keywords: bidirectional relationship, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, risk factor, structural equation modeling, type 2 diabetes mellitusLee YJWang CPHung WCTang WHChang YHHu DWLu YCYu THWu CCChung FMHsu CCDove Medical Pressarticlebidirectional relationshipchronic kidney diseasenon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaserisk factorstructural equation modelingtype 2 diabetes mellitusSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1203-1214 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bidirectional relationship chronic kidney disease non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk factor structural equation modeling type 2 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	bidirectional relationship chronic kidney disease non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk factor structural equation modeling type 2 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Lee YJ Wang CP Hung WC Tang WH Chang YH Hu DW Lu YC Yu TH Wu CC Chung FM Hsu CC Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
description	Yau-Jiunn Lee,1 Chao-Ping Wang,2,3 Wei-Chin Hung,2,4 Wei-Hua Tang,1 Yu-Hung Chang,1 Der-Wei Hu,1 Yung-Chuan Lu,3,5 Teng-Hung Yu,2,4 Cheng-Ching Wu,2,4,6 Fu-Mei Chung,2 Chia-Chang Hsu4,7,8 1Lee’s Endocrinology Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan; 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 3School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 4The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 6Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 7Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; 8Health Examination Center, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80794, TaiwanCorrespondence: Chia-Chang HsuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanTel +886-7-615-1100 ext. 5914 or 5018Email aladarhsu1107@gmail.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the common and unique risk factors and bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM enrolled in a disease management program at two specialized diabetes outpatient clinics. Common and unique risk factors for CKD and NAFLD were examined using structural equation models (SEMs). SEMs were also used to examine direct and indirect effects of NAFLD on CKD and those of CKD on NAFLD.Results: A total of 1992 subjects with T2DM were enrolled in this study. In multivariate analysis, NAFLD was independently associated with the odds of CKD (adjusted odds ratio=1.59, 95% confidence interval=1.12– 2.25, P=0.009). SEMs showed that age, triglyceride, uric acid (UA), albumin, and HbA1c levels had statistically significant direct effects on CKD, and the final model could explain 22% of the variability in CKD. Age, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), UA, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level, and smoking status had statistically significant direct effects on NAFLD, and the final model could explain 43% of the variability in NAFLD. The common risk factors contributing to both CKD and NAFLD were age, triglycerides, and UA. The unique risk factors were albumin and HbA1c for CKD, and BMI, WBC, SGPT, and smoking for NAFLD. In addition, SEM analysis also confirmed the bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and CKD.Conclusion: Common and unique risk factors and a bidirectional relationship existed between CKD and NAFLD in our patients with T2DM.Keywords: bidirectional relationship, chronic kidney disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, risk factor, structural equation modeling, type 2 diabetes mellitus
format	article
author	Lee YJ Wang CP Hung WC Tang WH Chang YH Hu DW Lu YC Yu TH Wu CC Chung FM Hsu CC
author_facet	Lee YJ Wang CP Hung WC Tang WH Chang YH Hu DW Lu YC Yu TH Wu CC Chung FM Hsu CC
author_sort	Lee YJ
title	Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
title_short	Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
title_full	Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
title_fullStr	Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
title_sort	common and unique factors and the bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver in type 2 diabetes patients
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/20c2edd727c94d0eaa53fb4203f53cb5
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Common and Unique Factors and the Bidirectional Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

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