Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries

Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus tears are common knee injuries. Despite the high rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following these injuries, the contributing factors remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the immune cell profiles of normal and in...

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Autores principales:	Sophia Y. Kim-Wang, Abigail G. Holt, Alyssa M. McGowan, Stephanie T. Danyluk, Adam P. Goode, Brian C. Lau, Alison P. Toth, Jocelyn R. Wittstein, Louis E. DeFrate, John S. Yi, Amy L. McNulty
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Monocytes Macrophages Cartilage B cells Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21008987610b4cc49e08ac1a956fd7f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21008987610b4cc49e08ac1a956fd7f92021-11-07T12:05:44ZImmune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries10.1186/s13075-021-02661-11478-6362https://doaj.org/article/21008987610b4cc49e08ac1a956fd7f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02661-1https://doaj.org/toc/1478-6362Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus tears are common knee injuries. Despite the high rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following these injuries, the contributing factors remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the immune cell profiles of normal and injured joints at the time of ACL and meniscal surgeries. Methods Twenty-nine patients (14 meniscus-injured and 15 ACL-injured) undergoing ACL and/or meniscus surgery but with a normal contralateral knee were recruited. During surgery, synovial fluid was aspirated from both normal and injured knees. Synovial fluid cells were pelleted, washed, and stained with an antibody cocktail consisting of fluorescent antibodies for cell surface proteins. Analysis of immune cells in the synovial fluid was performed by polychromatic flow cytometry. A broad spectrum immune cell panel was used in the first 10 subjects. Based on these results, a T cell-specific panel was used in the subsequent 19 subjects. Results Using the broad spectrum immune cell panel, we detected significantly more total viable cells and CD3 T cells in the injured compared to the paired normal knees. In addition, there were significantly more injured knees with T cells above a 500-cell threshold. Within the injured knees, CD4 and CD8 T cells were able to be differentiated into subsets. The frequency of total CD4 T cells was significantly different among injury types, but no statistical differences were detected among CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets by injury type. Conclusions Our findings provide foundational data showing that ACL and meniscus injuries induce an immune cell-rich microenvironment that consists primarily of T cells with multiple T helper phenotypes. Future studies investigating the relationship between immune cells and joint degeneration may provide an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of PTOA following joint injury.Sophia Y. Kim-WangAbigail G. HoltAlyssa M. McGowanStephanie T. DanylukAdam P. GoodeBrian C. LauAlison P. TothJocelyn R. WittsteinLouis E. DeFrateJohn S. YiAmy L. McNultyBMCarticleMonocytesMacrophagesCartilageB cellsDiseases of the musculoskeletal systemRC925-935ENArthritis Research & Therapy, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Monocytes Macrophages Cartilage B cells Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935
spellingShingle	Monocytes Macrophages Cartilage B cells Diseases of the musculoskeletal system RC925-935 Sophia Y. Kim-Wang Abigail G. Holt Alyssa M. McGowan Stephanie T. Danyluk Adam P. Goode Brian C. Lau Alison P. Toth Jocelyn R. Wittstein Louis E. DeFrate John S. Yi Amy L. McNulty Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
description	Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus tears are common knee injuries. Despite the high rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following these injuries, the contributing factors remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the immune cell profiles of normal and injured joints at the time of ACL and meniscal surgeries. Methods Twenty-nine patients (14 meniscus-injured and 15 ACL-injured) undergoing ACL and/or meniscus surgery but with a normal contralateral knee were recruited. During surgery, synovial fluid was aspirated from both normal and injured knees. Synovial fluid cells were pelleted, washed, and stained with an antibody cocktail consisting of fluorescent antibodies for cell surface proteins. Analysis of immune cells in the synovial fluid was performed by polychromatic flow cytometry. A broad spectrum immune cell panel was used in the first 10 subjects. Based on these results, a T cell-specific panel was used in the subsequent 19 subjects. Results Using the broad spectrum immune cell panel, we detected significantly more total viable cells and CD3 T cells in the injured compared to the paired normal knees. In addition, there were significantly more injured knees with T cells above a 500-cell threshold. Within the injured knees, CD4 and CD8 T cells were able to be differentiated into subsets. The frequency of total CD4 T cells was significantly different among injury types, but no statistical differences were detected among CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets by injury type. Conclusions Our findings provide foundational data showing that ACL and meniscus injuries induce an immune cell-rich microenvironment that consists primarily of T cells with multiple T helper phenotypes. Future studies investigating the relationship between immune cells and joint degeneration may provide an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of PTOA following joint injury.
format	article
author	Sophia Y. Kim-Wang Abigail G. Holt Alyssa M. McGowan Stephanie T. Danyluk Adam P. Goode Brian C. Lau Alison P. Toth Jocelyn R. Wittstein Louis E. DeFrate John S. Yi Amy L. McNulty
author_facet	Sophia Y. Kim-Wang Abigail G. Holt Alyssa M. McGowan Stephanie T. Danyluk Adam P. Goode Brian C. Lau Alison P. Toth Jocelyn R. Wittstein Louis E. DeFrate John S. Yi Amy L. McNulty
author_sort	Sophia Y. Kim-Wang
title	Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
title_short	Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
title_full	Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
title_fullStr	Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
title_full_unstemmed	Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
title_sort	immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21008987610b4cc49e08ac1a956fd7f9
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Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries

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