Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

Sustainable development is based on environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions. In this study, the sustainability of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq was assessed using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)/the weighted sum model (WSM). The analysis was perfo...

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Autores principales:	Isam I. Omran, Nabeel H. Al-Saati, Hyam H. Al-Saati, Khalid S. Hashim, Zainab N. Al-Saati
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	mbr mcda sustainability sustainability dimensions wastewater treatment techniques wsm Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21058ac8cb5f4931b0b779a20b8c381c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21058ac8cb5f4931b0b779a20b8c381c2021-11-05T21:09:19ZSustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)1751-231X10.2166/wpt.2021.013https://doaj.org/article/21058ac8cb5f4931b0b779a20b8c381c2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/16/2/648https://doaj.org/toc/1751-231XSustainable development is based on environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions. In this study, the sustainability of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq was assessed using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)/the weighted sum model (WSM). The analysis was performed on 13 operating wastewater treatment plants in 10 provinces, Iraq, using a questionnaire sheet with the assistance of 52 specialists in the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works, Iraq. Four types of wastewater treatment techniques (Conventional Treatment, Oxidation Ditches, Aeration Lagoons, and membrane bio-reactor (MBR)) were assessed. The environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions were represented by 11, 5, 7, and 4 indicators, respectively. The main results of this study indicate that the sustainability of MBR recorded the highest total importance; the order of the total importance from the highest to the lowest was: MBR > Oxidation Ditches > Aeration Lagoons > Conventional Treatment. The environmental dimension proved its dominance in the four studied treatment techniques' sustainability as it recorded the maximum contribution to sustainability. While the technical dimension recorded the least contribution to sustainability, the order from the highest to the lowest was: Environmental Dimension > Economic Dimension > Social Dimension > Technical Dimension. Highlights A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used to assess the sustainability of 13 WWTP.; The weighted sum model (WSM) was to validate the analysis.; Chemical Treatment, Oxidation Ditch, Aeration Lagoon, and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) were studied.; 31 environmental (En), social (S), economical (E), and technical (T) indicators were analysed.; The effects of these indicators on sustainability of the WWTP was: En > E > S > T;Isam I. OmranNabeel H. Al-SaatiHyam H. Al-SaatiKhalid S. HashimZainab N. Al-SaatiIWA Publishingarticlembrmcdasustainabilitysustainability dimensionswastewater treatment techniqueswsmEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Practice and Technology, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 648-660 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mbr mcda sustainability sustainability dimensions wastewater treatment techniques wsm Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	mbr mcda sustainability sustainability dimensions wastewater treatment techniques wsm Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Isam I. Omran Nabeel H. Al-Saati Hyam H. Al-Saati Khalid S. Hashim Zainab N. Al-Saati Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
description	Sustainable development is based on environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions. In this study, the sustainability of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq was assessed using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)/the weighted sum model (WSM). The analysis was performed on 13 operating wastewater treatment plants in 10 provinces, Iraq, using a questionnaire sheet with the assistance of 52 specialists in the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works, Iraq. Four types of wastewater treatment techniques (Conventional Treatment, Oxidation Ditches, Aeration Lagoons, and membrane bio-reactor (MBR)) were assessed. The environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions were represented by 11, 5, 7, and 4 indicators, respectively. The main results of this study indicate that the sustainability of MBR recorded the highest total importance; the order of the total importance from the highest to the lowest was: MBR > Oxidation Ditches > Aeration Lagoons > Conventional Treatment. The environmental dimension proved its dominance in the four studied treatment techniques' sustainability as it recorded the maximum contribution to sustainability. While the technical dimension recorded the least contribution to sustainability, the order from the highest to the lowest was: Environmental Dimension > Economic Dimension > Social Dimension > Technical Dimension. Highlights A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was used to assess the sustainability of 13 WWTP.; The weighted sum model (WSM) was to validate the analysis.; Chemical Treatment, Oxidation Ditch, Aeration Lagoon, and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) were studied.; 31 environmental (En), social (S), economical (E), and technical (T) indicators were analysed.; The effects of these indicators on sustainability of the WWTP was: En > E > S > T;
format	article
author	Isam I. Omran Nabeel H. Al-Saati Hyam H. Al-Saati Khalid S. Hashim Zainab N. Al-Saati
author_facet	Isam I. Omran Nabeel H. Al-Saati Hyam H. Al-Saati Khalid S. Hashim Zainab N. Al-Saati
author_sort	Isam I. Omran
title	Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
title_short	Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
title_full	Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
title_fullStr	Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
title_full_unstemmed	Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
title_sort	sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (mcda)
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21058ac8cb5f4931b0b779a20b8c381c
work_keys_str_mv	AT isamiomran sustainabilityassessmentofwastewatertreatmenttechniquesinurbanareasofiraqusingmulticriteriadecisionanalysismcda AT nabeelhalsaati sustainabilityassessmentofwastewatertreatmenttechniquesinurbanareasofiraqusingmulticriteriadecisionanalysismcda AT hyamhalsaati sustainabilityassessmentofwastewatertreatmenttechniquesinurbanareasofiraqusingmulticriteriadecisionanalysismcda AT khalidshashim sustainabilityassessmentofwastewatertreatmenttechniquesinurbanareasofiraqusingmulticriteriadecisionanalysismcda AT zainabnalsaati sustainabilityassessmentofwastewatertreatmenttechniquesinurbanareasofiraqusingmulticriteriadecisionanalysismcda
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Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)

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