Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques

Water scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population's health. This study investig...

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Autores principales:	Chukwuemeka K. John, Jaan H. Pu, Rodrigo Moruzzi, Manish Pandey, Hazi Md. Azamathulla
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	escherichia coli roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) total coliform total suspended solids (tss) turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/210ee0e6affc416d9dc74cefc2e8e238
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:210ee0e6affc416d9dc74cefc2e8e2382021-11-05T19:40:27ZReusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques2043-90832408-936210.2166/washdev.2021.062https://doaj.org/article/210ee0e6affc416d9dc74cefc2e8e2382021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/11/5/732https://doaj.org/toc/2043-9083https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9362Water scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population's health. This study investigates the impact of different household treatment techniques (HHTTs), i.e. treatments by chlorine, boiling, alum, and a combination of alum and chlorine, on its storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, which is a rural area in Nigeria. The first-flush quality has been particularly studied here, where the microbial reduction through its practice has been examined from five different roofs. One of the investigated roofs was from a residential building, and four were constructed for the purpose of this study. In this study, the physical parameters (i.e. total suspended solids and turbidity) and the microbial parameters (i.e. total coliform and Escherichia coli) of the collected rainwater have been investigated. From the results, it has been observed that: (1) the water quality at the free phase zone is better than that at the tank's bottom; (2) the combination of chlorine and alum gives the best rainwater quality after comparing the application of different HHTTs; and (3) a reduction of about 40% from the original contaminant load occurs in every 1 mm diversion. HIGHLIGHTS Different household treatment techniques on rainwater have been studied.; The case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, Nigeria, has been chosen.; First-flush impact on microbial reduction has been examined on five types of roofs.;Chukwuemeka K. JohnJaan H. PuRodrigo MoruzziManish PandeyHazi Md. AzamathullaIWA Publishingarticleescherichia coliroof-harvested rainwater (rhrw)total coliformtotal suspended solids (tss)turbidityEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol 11, Iss 5, Pp 732-745 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	escherichia coli roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) total coliform total suspended solids (tss) turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	escherichia coli roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) total coliform total suspended solids (tss) turbidity Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Chukwuemeka K. John Jaan H. Pu Rodrigo Moruzzi Manish Pandey Hazi Md. Azamathulla Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
description	Water scarcity is a huge problem in Africa, and hence rainwater becomes a crucial water source for fulfilling basic human needs. However, less attention has been given by African countries to the effectiveness of common rainwater treatments to ensure the population's health. This study investigates the impact of different household treatment techniques (HHTTs), i.e. treatments by chlorine, boiling, alum, and a combination of alum and chlorine, on its storage system using a case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, which is a rural area in Nigeria. The first-flush quality has been particularly studied here, where the microbial reduction through its practice has been examined from five different roofs. One of the investigated roofs was from a residential building, and four were constructed for the purpose of this study. In this study, the physical parameters (i.e. total suspended solids and turbidity) and the microbial parameters (i.e. total coliform and Escherichia coli) of the collected rainwater have been investigated. From the results, it has been observed that: (1) the water quality at the free phase zone is better than that at the tank's bottom; (2) the combination of chlorine and alum gives the best rainwater quality after comparing the application of different HHTTs; and (3) a reduction of about 40% from the original contaminant load occurs in every 1 mm diversion. HIGHLIGHTS Different household treatment techniques on rainwater have been studied.; The case study at the Ikorodu area of Lagos state, Nigeria, has been chosen.; First-flush impact on microbial reduction has been examined on five types of roofs.;
format	article
author	Chukwuemeka K. John Jaan H. Pu Rodrigo Moruzzi Manish Pandey Hazi Md. Azamathulla
author_facet	Chukwuemeka K. John Jaan H. Pu Rodrigo Moruzzi Manish Pandey Hazi Md. Azamathulla
author_sort	Chukwuemeka K. John
title	Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
title_short	Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
title_full	Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
title_fullStr	Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
title_sort	reusable rainwater quality at the ikorodu area of lagos, nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/210ee0e6affc416d9dc74cefc2e8e238
work_keys_str_mv	AT chukwuemekakjohn reusablerainwaterqualityattheikoroduareaoflagosnigeriaimpactoffirstflushandhouseholdtreatmenttechniques AT jaanhpu reusablerainwaterqualityattheikoroduareaoflagosnigeriaimpactoffirstflushandhouseholdtreatmenttechniques AT rodrigomoruzzi reusablerainwaterqualityattheikoroduareaoflagosnigeriaimpactoffirstflushandhouseholdtreatmenttechniques AT manishpandey reusablerainwaterqualityattheikoroduareaoflagosnigeriaimpactoffirstflushandhouseholdtreatmenttechniques AT hazimdazamathulla reusablerainwaterqualityattheikoroduareaoflagosnigeriaimpactoffirstflushandhouseholdtreatmenttechniques
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Reusable rainwater quality at the Ikorodu area of Lagos, Nigeria: impact of first-flush and household treatment techniques

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