Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends

In the last decade, the automotive industry has undergone a paradigm shift towards electrification. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, but so far, they have almost solely utilized single-ratio gearboxes. The use of multiple gear ratios has several potential benefits, including enabl...

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Autores principales:	Fabricio Machado, Phillip Kollmeyer, Daniel Barroso, Ali Emadi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IEEE 2021
Materias:	Battery electric vehicle EV gearboxes gearbox controlling gear ratio design multi-speed gearbox shifting schedule Transportation engineering TA1001-1280 Transportation and communications HE1-9990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/211c1cfe22204113814bef456063fbcf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:211c1cfe22204113814bef456063fbcf2021-11-23T00:02:11ZMulti-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends2644-133010.1109/OJVT.2021.3124411https://doaj.org/article/211c1cfe22204113814bef456063fbcf2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9599507/https://doaj.org/toc/2644-1330In the last decade, the automotive industry has undergone a paradigm shift towards electrification. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, but so far, they have almost solely utilized single-ratio gearboxes. The use of multiple gear ratios has several potential benefits, including enabling the electric traction machine and inverter to operate in a more efficient region, increasing vehicle acceleration, gradeability, and top speed, and reducing overall traction system mass and volume. Performance vehicles, light to heavy-duty trucks, and buses may especially benefit from multi-speed gearboxes due to their high torque and power requirements. This paper covers the fundamentals of applying multi-speed gearboxes to EVs, the latest designs, and future trends. The efforts of both academia and industry in this field are covered. A range of topics are discussed, including gearbox topologies, gear ratio selection, gearbox losses, noise vibration and harshness, gearbox control, shift scheduling, and regenerative braking. Prior studies are presented showing that depending on the drive cycle, vehicle type, and gearbox configuration, drivetrain energy consumption may be reduced slightly or increased anywhere from a few percent to thirty percent when utilizing a multi-speed configuration. While multi-speed EV traction systems do show considerable promise, more investigation is needed to conclusively determine in what cases they can outperform highly optimized single-speed systems.Fabricio MachadoPhillip KollmeyerDaniel BarrosoAli EmadiIEEEarticleBattery electric vehicleEV gearboxesgearbox controllinggear ratio designmulti-speed gearboxshifting scheduleTransportation engineeringTA1001-1280Transportation and communicationsHE1-9990ENIEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, Vol 2, Pp 419-435 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Battery electric vehicle EV gearboxes gearbox controlling gear ratio design multi-speed gearbox shifting schedule Transportation engineering TA1001-1280 Transportation and communications HE1-9990
spellingShingle	Battery electric vehicle EV gearboxes gearbox controlling gear ratio design multi-speed gearbox shifting schedule Transportation engineering TA1001-1280 Transportation and communications HE1-9990 Fabricio Machado Phillip Kollmeyer Daniel Barroso Ali Emadi Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
description	In the last decade, the automotive industry has undergone a paradigm shift towards electrification. Electric vehicles have become increasingly popular, but so far, they have almost solely utilized single-ratio gearboxes. The use of multiple gear ratios has several potential benefits, including enabling the electric traction machine and inverter to operate in a more efficient region, increasing vehicle acceleration, gradeability, and top speed, and reducing overall traction system mass and volume. Performance vehicles, light to heavy-duty trucks, and buses may especially benefit from multi-speed gearboxes due to their high torque and power requirements. This paper covers the fundamentals of applying multi-speed gearboxes to EVs, the latest designs, and future trends. The efforts of both academia and industry in this field are covered. A range of topics are discussed, including gearbox topologies, gear ratio selection, gearbox losses, noise vibration and harshness, gearbox control, shift scheduling, and regenerative braking. Prior studies are presented showing that depending on the drive cycle, vehicle type, and gearbox configuration, drivetrain energy consumption may be reduced slightly or increased anywhere from a few percent to thirty percent when utilizing a multi-speed configuration. While multi-speed EV traction systems do show considerable promise, more investigation is needed to conclusively determine in what cases they can outperform highly optimized single-speed systems.
format	article
author	Fabricio Machado Phillip Kollmeyer Daniel Barroso Ali Emadi
author_facet	Fabricio Machado Phillip Kollmeyer Daniel Barroso Ali Emadi
author_sort	Fabricio Machado
title	Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
title_short	Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
title_full	Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
title_fullStr	Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
title_full_unstemmed	Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
title_sort	multi-speed gearboxes for battery electric vehicles: current status and future trends
publisher	IEEE
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/211c1cfe22204113814bef456063fbcf
work_keys_str_mv	AT fabriciomachado multispeedgearboxesforbatteryelectricvehiclescurrentstatusandfuturetrends AT phillipkollmeyer multispeedgearboxesforbatteryelectricvehiclescurrentstatusandfuturetrends AT danielbarroso multispeedgearboxesforbatteryelectricvehiclescurrentstatusandfuturetrends AT aliemadi multispeedgearboxesforbatteryelectricvehiclescurrentstatusandfuturetrends
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Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends

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