Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.

<h4>Background</h4>Although the 2009 (H1N1) influenza pandemic officially ended in August 2010, the virus will probably circulate in future years. Several types of H1N1 vaccines have been tested including various dosages and adjuvants, and meta-analysis is needed to identify the best for...

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Autores principales: Lamberto Manzoli, Corrado De Vito, Georgia Salanti, Maddalena D'Addario, Paolo Villari, John P A Ioannidis
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:213ef079bf3a4fc5a4d0661ab97413222021-12-02T20:11:44ZMeta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0024384https://doaj.org/article/213ef079bf3a4fc5a4d0661ab97413222011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21915319/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Although the 2009 (H1N1) influenza pandemic officially ended in August 2010, the virus will probably circulate in future years. Several types of H1N1 vaccines have been tested including various dosages and adjuvants, and meta-analysis is needed to identify the best formulation.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and nine clinical trial registries to April 2011, in any language for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on healthy children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Primary outcome was the seroconversion rate according to hemagglutinination-inhibition (HI); secondary outcomes were adverse events. For the primary outcome, we used head-to-head meta-analysis and multiple-treatments meta-analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Eighteen RCTs could be included in all primary analyses, for a total of 76 arms (16,725 subjects). After 2 doses, all 2009 H1N1 split/subunit inactivated vaccines were highly immunogenic and overcome CPMP seroconversion criteria. After 1 dose only, all split/subunit vaccines induced a satisfactory immunogenicity (> = 70%) in adults and adolescents, while only some formulations showed acceptable results for children and elderly (non-adjuvanted at high-doses and oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines). Vaccines with oil-in-water adjuvants were more immunogenic than both nonadjuvanted and aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines at equal doses and their immunogenicity at doses < = 6 µg (even with as little as 1.875 µg of hemagglutinin antigen) was not significantly lower than that achieved after higher doses. Finally, the rate of serious vaccine-related adverse events was low for all 2009 H1N1 vaccines (3 cases, resolved in 10 days, out of 22826 vaccinated subjects). However, mild to moderate adverse reactions were more (and very) frequent for oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Several one-dose formulations might be valid for future vaccines, but 2 doses may be needed for children, especially if a low-dose non-adjuvanted vaccine is used. Given that 15 RCTs were sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, future trials sponsored by non-industry agencies and comparing vaccines using different types of adjuvants are needed.Lamberto ManzoliCorrado De VitoGeorgia SalantiMaddalena D'AddarioPaolo VillariJohn P A IoannidisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 9, p e24384 (2011)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Lamberto Manzoli
Corrado De Vito
Georgia Salanti
Maddalena D'Addario
Paolo Villari
John P A Ioannidis
Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
description <h4>Background</h4>Although the 2009 (H1N1) influenza pandemic officially ended in August 2010, the virus will probably circulate in future years. Several types of H1N1 vaccines have been tested including various dosages and adjuvants, and meta-analysis is needed to identify the best formulation.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and nine clinical trial registries to April 2011, in any language for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on healthy children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. Primary outcome was the seroconversion rate according to hemagglutinination-inhibition (HI); secondary outcomes were adverse events. For the primary outcome, we used head-to-head meta-analysis and multiple-treatments meta-analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Eighteen RCTs could be included in all primary analyses, for a total of 76 arms (16,725 subjects). After 2 doses, all 2009 H1N1 split/subunit inactivated vaccines were highly immunogenic and overcome CPMP seroconversion criteria. After 1 dose only, all split/subunit vaccines induced a satisfactory immunogenicity (> = 70%) in adults and adolescents, while only some formulations showed acceptable results for children and elderly (non-adjuvanted at high-doses and oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines). Vaccines with oil-in-water adjuvants were more immunogenic than both nonadjuvanted and aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines at equal doses and their immunogenicity at doses < = 6 µg (even with as little as 1.875 µg of hemagglutinin antigen) was not significantly lower than that achieved after higher doses. Finally, the rate of serious vaccine-related adverse events was low for all 2009 H1N1 vaccines (3 cases, resolved in 10 days, out of 22826 vaccinated subjects). However, mild to moderate adverse reactions were more (and very) frequent for oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccines.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Several one-dose formulations might be valid for future vaccines, but 2 doses may be needed for children, especially if a low-dose non-adjuvanted vaccine is used. Given that 15 RCTs were sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, future trials sponsored by non-industry agencies and comparing vaccines using different types of adjuvants are needed.
format article
author Lamberto Manzoli
Corrado De Vito
Georgia Salanti
Maddalena D'Addario
Paolo Villari
John P A Ioannidis
author_facet Lamberto Manzoli
Corrado De Vito
Georgia Salanti
Maddalena D'Addario
Paolo Villari
John P A Ioannidis
author_sort Lamberto Manzoli
title Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
title_short Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
title_full Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
title_fullStr Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
title_full_unstemmed Meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza A 2009 (H1N1) vaccines.
title_sort meta-analysis of the immunogenicity and tolerability of pandemic influenza a 2009 (h1n1) vaccines.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2011
url https://doaj.org/article/213ef079bf3a4fc5a4d0661ab9741322
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