Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system (CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment by controlling the passage of substances and regulating the trafficking of immune cells between the...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:214b7b31b1784a94bc2eb0196fcad7702021-11-25T18:40:40ZBlood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview10.3390/pharmaceutics131117791999-4923https://doaj.org/article/214b7b31b1784a94bc2eb0196fcad7702021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1779https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system (CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment by controlling the passage of substances and regulating the trafficking of immune cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB is primarily composed of highly specialized microvascular endothelial cells. These cells’ special features and physiological properties are acquired and maintained through the concerted effort of hemodynamic and cellular cues from the surrounding environment. This complex multicellular system, comprising endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and neurons, is known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The BBB strictly controls the transport of nutrients and metabolites into brain parenchyma through a tightly regulated transport system while limiting the access of potentially harmful substances via efflux transcytosis and metabolic mechanisms. Not surprisingly, a disruption of the BBB has been associated with the onset and/or progression of major neurological disorders. Although the association between disease and BBB disruption is clear, its nature is not always evident, specifically with regard to whether an impaired BBB function results from the pathological condition or whether the BBB damage is the primary pathogenic factor prodromal to the onset of the disease. In either case, repairing the barrier could be a viable option for treating and/or reducing the effects of CNS disorders. In this review, we describe the fundamental structure and function of the BBB in both healthy and altered/diseased conditions. Additionally, we provide an overview of the potential therapeutic targets that could be leveraged to restore the integrity of the BBB concomitant to the treatment of these brain disorders.Sabrina Rahman ArchieAbdullah Al ShoyaibLuca CuculloMDPI AGarticlebiological barrierstight junctionsendothelialdysfunctionstrokeviabilityPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1779, p 1779 (2021) |
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biological barriers tight junctions endothelial dysfunction stroke viability Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 |
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biological barriers tight junctions endothelial dysfunction stroke viability Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Sabrina Rahman Archie Abdullah Al Shoyaib Luca Cucullo Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
description |
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system (CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment by controlling the passage of substances and regulating the trafficking of immune cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB is primarily composed of highly specialized microvascular endothelial cells. These cells’ special features and physiological properties are acquired and maintained through the concerted effort of hemodynamic and cellular cues from the surrounding environment. This complex multicellular system, comprising endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and neurons, is known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The BBB strictly controls the transport of nutrients and metabolites into brain parenchyma through a tightly regulated transport system while limiting the access of potentially harmful substances via efflux transcytosis and metabolic mechanisms. Not surprisingly, a disruption of the BBB has been associated with the onset and/or progression of major neurological disorders. Although the association between disease and BBB disruption is clear, its nature is not always evident, specifically with regard to whether an impaired BBB function results from the pathological condition or whether the BBB damage is the primary pathogenic factor prodromal to the onset of the disease. In either case, repairing the barrier could be a viable option for treating and/or reducing the effects of CNS disorders. In this review, we describe the fundamental structure and function of the BBB in both healthy and altered/diseased conditions. Additionally, we provide an overview of the potential therapeutic targets that could be leveraged to restore the integrity of the BBB concomitant to the treatment of these brain disorders. |
format |
article |
author |
Sabrina Rahman Archie Abdullah Al Shoyaib Luca Cucullo |
author_facet |
Sabrina Rahman Archie Abdullah Al Shoyaib Luca Cucullo |
author_sort |
Sabrina Rahman Archie |
title |
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
title_short |
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
title_full |
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
title_fullStr |
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
title_full_unstemmed |
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview |
title_sort |
blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cns disorders and putative therapeutic targets: an overview |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/214b7b31b1784a94bc2eb0196fcad770 |
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1718410822108053504 |