An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo

Abstract Among the artists’ materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, researc...

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Autores principales:	Jacopo La Nasa, Brenda Doherty, Francesca Rosi, Chiara Braccini, Frederique T. H. Broers, Ilaria Degano, Jordi Moles Matinero, Costanza Miliani, Francesca Modugno, Francesca Sabatini, Irina Crina Anca Sandu, Laura Cartechini
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2154751183ae4ee3bc8bda0b38689122
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2154751183ae4ee3bc8bda0b386891222021-12-02T14:23:14ZAn integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo10.1038/s41598-021-86031-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2154751183ae4ee3bc8bda0b386891222021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86031-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Among the artists’ materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, research herein reports the results of a comprehensive multi-analytical study of 44 pastel crayons of two recognized brands (LeFranc and Dr. F. Schoenfeld) from the Munch museum collection of original materials belonging to Edvard Munch. The integrated use of complementary spectroscopic and hyphenated mass-spectrometry techniques allowed the compositional profiles of the crayons to be traced providing the identification of the inorganic and organic pigments, the fillers/extenders and the binders. All crayons resulted to be oil- based and the binder was identified to be a mixture of a drying oil (safflower or linseed oil), palm oil or Japan wax and beeswax. Among others, pigments such as ultramarine, chrome yellows, Prussian blue, manganese violet, viridian and madder lake have been identified. A significant alignment in formulations of the brands was observed with the only exception of the greens which showed distinctive pigment and filler compositions. The analytical information provided for these commercial artists’ materials will be of great interest for academia, museum and other institutions hosting art collections dating from the same period and it will be used by the Munch museum to draw proper conservation strategies of its own artwork collections.Jacopo La NasaBrenda DohertyFrancesca RosiChiara BracciniFrederique T. H. BroersIlaria DeganoJordi Moles MatineroCostanza MilianiFrancesca ModugnoFrancesca SabatiniIrina Crina Anca SanduLaura CartechiniNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jacopo La Nasa Brenda Doherty Francesca Rosi Chiara Braccini Frederique T. H. Broers Ilaria Degano Jordi Moles Matinero Costanza Miliani Francesca Modugno Francesca Sabatini Irina Crina Anca Sandu Laura Cartechini An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
description	Abstract Among the artists’ materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, research herein reports the results of a comprehensive multi-analytical study of 44 pastel crayons of two recognized brands (LeFranc and Dr. F. Schoenfeld) from the Munch museum collection of original materials belonging to Edvard Munch. The integrated use of complementary spectroscopic and hyphenated mass-spectrometry techniques allowed the compositional profiles of the crayons to be traced providing the identification of the inorganic and organic pigments, the fillers/extenders and the binders. All crayons resulted to be oil- based and the binder was identified to be a mixture of a drying oil (safflower or linseed oil), palm oil or Japan wax and beeswax. Among others, pigments such as ultramarine, chrome yellows, Prussian blue, manganese violet, viridian and madder lake have been identified. A significant alignment in formulations of the brands was observed with the only exception of the greens which showed distinctive pigment and filler compositions. The analytical information provided for these commercial artists’ materials will be of great interest for academia, museum and other institutions hosting art collections dating from the same period and it will be used by the Munch museum to draw proper conservation strategies of its own artwork collections.
format	article
author	Jacopo La Nasa Brenda Doherty Francesca Rosi Chiara Braccini Frederique T. H. Broers Ilaria Degano Jordi Moles Matinero Costanza Miliani Francesca Modugno Francesca Sabatini Irina Crina Anca Sandu Laura Cartechini
author_facet	Jacopo La Nasa Brenda Doherty Francesca Rosi Chiara Braccini Frederique T. H. Broers Ilaria Degano Jordi Moles Matinero Costanza Miliani Francesca Modugno Francesca Sabatini Irina Crina Anca Sandu Laura Cartechini
author_sort	Jacopo La Nasa
title	An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
title_short	An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
title_full	An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
title_fullStr	An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
title_full_unstemmed	An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
title_sort	integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the munch museum in oslo
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2154751183ae4ee3bc8bda0b38689122
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An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo

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