Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans
Abstract Background Yeasts of the CTG-clade lineage, which includes the human-infecting Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis species, are characterized by an altered genetic code. Instead of translating CUG codons as leucine, as happens in most eukaryotes, these yeasts, whos...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:21810cf83f754ad98fa92e19707878232021-12-05T12:25:56ZProteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans10.1186/s12915-021-01197-91741-7007https://doaj.org/article/21810cf83f754ad98fa92e19707878232021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01197-9https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7007Abstract Background Yeasts of the CTG-clade lineage, which includes the human-infecting Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis species, are characterized by an altered genetic code. Instead of translating CUG codons as leucine, as happens in most eukaryotes, these yeasts, whose ancestors are thought to have lost the relevant leucine-tRNA gene, translate CUG codons as serine using a serine-tRNA with a mutated anticodon, tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ . Previously reported experiments have suggested that 3–5% of the CTG-clade CUG codons are mistranslated as leucine due to mischarging of the tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ . The mistranslation was suggested to result in variable surface proteins explaining fast host adaptation and pathogenicity. Results In this study, we reassess this potential mistranslation by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics of multiple CTG-clade yeasts, including various C. albicans strains, isolated from colonized and from infected human body sites, and C. albicans grown in yeast and hyphal forms. Our data do not support a bias towards CUG codon mistranslation as leucine. Instead, our data suggest that (i) CUG codons are mistranslated at a frequency corresponding to the normal extent of ribosomal mistranslation with no preference for specific amino acids, (ii) CUG codons are as unambiguous (or ambiguous) as the related CUU leucine and UCC serine codons, (iii) tRNA anticodon loop variation across the CTG-clade yeasts does not result in any difference of the mistranslation level, and (iv) CUG codon unambiguity is independent of C. albicans’ strain pathogenicity or growth form. Conclusions Our findings imply that C. albicans does not decode CUG ambiguously. This suggests that the proposed misleucylation of the tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ might be as prevalent as every other misacylation or mistranslation event and, if at all, be just one of many reasons causing phenotypic diversity.Stefanie MühlhausenHans Dieter SchmittUwe PlessmannPeter MienkusPia SternisekThorsten PerlMichael WeigHenning UrlaubOliver BaderMartin KollmarBMCarticleProteogenomicsPathogenCandida albicansGenetic codeBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Proteogenomics Pathogen Candida albicans Genetic code Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
| spellingShingle |
Proteogenomics Pathogen Candida albicans Genetic code Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Stefanie Mühlhausen Hans Dieter Schmitt Uwe Plessmann Peter Mienkus Pia Sternisek Thorsten Perl Michael Weig Henning Urlaub Oliver Bader Martin Kollmar Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| description |
Abstract Background Yeasts of the CTG-clade lineage, which includes the human-infecting Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis species, are characterized by an altered genetic code. Instead of translating CUG codons as leucine, as happens in most eukaryotes, these yeasts, whose ancestors are thought to have lost the relevant leucine-tRNA gene, translate CUG codons as serine using a serine-tRNA with a mutated anticodon, tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ . Previously reported experiments have suggested that 3–5% of the CTG-clade CUG codons are mistranslated as leucine due to mischarging of the tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ . The mistranslation was suggested to result in variable surface proteins explaining fast host adaptation and pathogenicity. Results In this study, we reassess this potential mistranslation by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics of multiple CTG-clade yeasts, including various C. albicans strains, isolated from colonized and from infected human body sites, and C. albicans grown in yeast and hyphal forms. Our data do not support a bias towards CUG codon mistranslation as leucine. Instead, our data suggest that (i) CUG codons are mistranslated at a frequency corresponding to the normal extent of ribosomal mistranslation with no preference for specific amino acids, (ii) CUG codons are as unambiguous (or ambiguous) as the related CUU leucine and UCC serine codons, (iii) tRNA anticodon loop variation across the CTG-clade yeasts does not result in any difference of the mistranslation level, and (iv) CUG codon unambiguity is independent of C. albicans’ strain pathogenicity or growth form. Conclusions Our findings imply that C. albicans does not decode CUG ambiguously. This suggests that the proposed misleucylation of the tRNA CAG Ser $$ {\mathrm{tRNA}}_{\mathrm{CAG}}^{\mathrm{Ser}} $$ might be as prevalent as every other misacylation or mistranslation event and, if at all, be just one of many reasons causing phenotypic diversity. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Stefanie Mühlhausen Hans Dieter Schmitt Uwe Plessmann Peter Mienkus Pia Sternisek Thorsten Perl Michael Weig Henning Urlaub Oliver Bader Martin Kollmar |
| author_facet |
Stefanie Mühlhausen Hans Dieter Schmitt Uwe Plessmann Peter Mienkus Pia Sternisek Thorsten Perl Michael Weig Henning Urlaub Oliver Bader Martin Kollmar |
| author_sort |
Stefanie Mühlhausen |
| title |
Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| title_short |
Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| title_full |
Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| title_fullStr |
Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Proteogenomics analysis of CUG codon translation in the human pathogen Candida albicans |
| title_sort |
proteogenomics analysis of cug codon translation in the human pathogen candida albicans |
| publisher |
BMC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/21810cf83f754ad98fa92e1970787823 |
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