The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction

This study developed an industry-applicable, thermal decomposition methodology for quantification of carbonate mineral acid neutralisation capacity (ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub>) for waste rock, tailings, and other mined materials. Standard titration-based methods for ANC can be compromised...

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Autores principales:	Andrea R. Gerson, Paul Weber, Roger St. C. Smart, George Levay, Mike Hutton-Ashkenny, Rosalind Green
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	acid mine drainage mine waste rock characterisation acid neutralisation capacity mineral carbonates thermal decomposition Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2188342e165549f7ba917143fddbc4aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2188342e165549f7ba917143fddbc4aa2021-11-25T18:26:02ZThe Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction10.3390/min111111812075-163Xhttps://doaj.org/article/2188342e165549f7ba917143fddbc4aa2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/11/1181https://doaj.org/toc/2075-163XThis study developed an industry-applicable, thermal decomposition methodology for quantification of carbonate mineral acid neutralisation capacity (ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub>) for waste rock, tailings, and other mined materials. Standard titration-based methods for ANC can be compromised due to contributions from silicate minerals, ion exchange, Fe-rich carbonates, and other transition metal carbonates. C emission (CO<sub>2</sub> and CO) was measured using IR in a N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. C<sub>neut</sub> (wt%) was calculated using the C emission at 800 or 1000 °C minus the C emission at 400, 450 or 500 °C and the weight of sample prior to decomposition (Equation (2) of this manuscript). This value was then input into Equation (3) of this manuscript to calculate ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub>. Good correlation of ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub> for single-mineral carbonates with ANC<sub>calc</sub>, calculated from bulk assay concentrations for Mg, K, Na, Ca, and Mn, was achieved. Thereafter, 18 waste rock samples were examined, resulting in the correlation of ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub> versus non-standard ANC<sub>titrate-carb</sub> (titration methodology adapted to focus on carbonate neutralisation only) with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96. This correlation is valid for samples containing both non-neutralising carbonates (siderite) and sources of neutralisation arising from non-carbonates (Mg-clay) within this waste rock system. Typically, mining operations use total C measurements for assessment of carbonate neutralisation potential in the block and mining model. This method provides an effective means to cheaply analyse for carbonate neutralisation potential with assignment of potentially acid-forming and non-acid-forming blocks to waste rock cells, etc.Andrea R. GersonPaul WeberRoger St. C. SmartGeorge LevayMike Hutton-AshkennyRosalind GreenMDPI AGarticleacid mine drainagemine waste rock characterisationacid neutralisation capacitymineral carbonatesthermal decompositionMineralogyQE351-399.2ENMinerals, Vol 11, Iss 1181, p 1181 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acid mine drainage mine waste rock characterisation acid neutralisation capacity mineral carbonates thermal decomposition Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	acid mine drainage mine waste rock characterisation acid neutralisation capacity mineral carbonates thermal decomposition Mineralogy QE351-399.2 Andrea R. Gerson Paul Weber Roger St. C. Smart George Levay Mike Hutton-Ashkenny Rosalind Green The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
description	This study developed an industry-applicable, thermal decomposition methodology for quantification of carbonate mineral acid neutralisation capacity (ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub>) for waste rock, tailings, and other mined materials. Standard titration-based methods for ANC can be compromised due to contributions from silicate minerals, ion exchange, Fe-rich carbonates, and other transition metal carbonates. C emission (CO<sub>2</sub> and CO) was measured using IR in a N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. C<sub>neut</sub> (wt%) was calculated using the C emission at 800 or 1000 °C minus the C emission at 400, 450 or 500 °C and the weight of sample prior to decomposition (Equation (2) of this manuscript). This value was then input into Equation (3) of this manuscript to calculate ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub>. Good correlation of ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub> for single-mineral carbonates with ANC<sub>calc</sub>, calculated from bulk assay concentrations for Mg, K, Na, Ca, and Mn, was achieved. Thereafter, 18 waste rock samples were examined, resulting in the correlation of ANC<sub>therm-carb</sub> versus non-standard ANC<sub>titrate-carb</sub> (titration methodology adapted to focus on carbonate neutralisation only) with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96. This correlation is valid for samples containing both non-neutralising carbonates (siderite) and sources of neutralisation arising from non-carbonates (Mg-clay) within this waste rock system. Typically, mining operations use total C measurements for assessment of carbonate neutralisation potential in the block and mining model. This method provides an effective means to cheaply analyse for carbonate neutralisation potential with assignment of potentially acid-forming and non-acid-forming blocks to waste rock cells, etc.
format	article
author	Andrea R. Gerson Paul Weber Roger St. C. Smart George Levay Mike Hutton-Ashkenny Rosalind Green
author_facet	Andrea R. Gerson Paul Weber Roger St. C. Smart George Levay Mike Hutton-Ashkenny Rosalind Green
author_sort	Andrea R. Gerson
title	The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
title_short	The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
title_full	The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
title_fullStr	The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
title_full_unstemmed	The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction
title_sort	application of thermal decomposition for determination of carbonate acid-neutralising capacity for improved acid mine drainage prediction
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2188342e165549f7ba917143fddbc4aa
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The Application of Thermal Decomposition for Determination of Carbonate Acid-Neutralising Capacity for Improved Acid Mine Drainage Prediction

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