Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.

The presence of antibiotics in the environment and their subsequent impact on resistance development has raised concerns globally. Hospitals are a major source of antibiotics released into the environment. To reduce these residues, research to improve knowledge of the dynamics of antibiotic release...

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Autores principales:	Vishal Diwan, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Ashok J Tamhankar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21a4743a9bba4b2ab010c8da5c262c4c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21a4743a9bba4b2ab010c8da5c262c4c2021-11-18T07:38:18ZSeasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0068715https://doaj.org/article/21a4743a9bba4b2ab010c8da5c262c4c2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23861936/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The presence of antibiotics in the environment and their subsequent impact on resistance development has raised concerns globally. Hospitals are a major source of antibiotics released into the environment. To reduce these residues, research to improve knowledge of the dynamics of antibiotic release from hospitals is essential. Therefore, we undertook a study to estimate seasonal and temporal variation in antibiotic release from two hospitals in India over a period of two years. For this, 6 sampling sessions of 24 hours each were conducted in the three prominent seasons of India, at all wastewater outlets of the two hospitals, using continuous and grab sampling methods. An in-house wastewater sampler was designed for continuous sampling. Eight antibiotics from four major antibiotic groups were selected for the study. To understand the temporal pattern of antibiotic release, each of the 24-hour sessions were divided in three sub-sampling sessions of 8 hours each. Solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the antibiotic residues. Six of the eight antibiotics studied were detected in the wastewater samples. Both continuous and grab sampling methods indicated that the highest quantities of fluoroquinolones were released in winter followed by the rainy season and the summer. No temporal pattern in antibiotic release was detected. In general, in a common timeframe, continuous sampling showed less concentration of antibiotics in wastewater as compared to grab sampling. It is suggested that continuous sampling should be the method of choice as grab sampling gives erroneous results, it being indicative of the quantities of antibiotics present in wastewater only at the time of sampling. Based on our studies, calculations indicate that from hospitals in India, an estimated 89, 1 and 25 ng/L/day of fluroquinolones, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole respectively, might be getting released into the environment per 100 hospital beds.Vishal DiwanCecilia Stålsby LundborgAshok J TamhankarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 7, p e68715 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Vishal Diwan Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg Ashok J Tamhankar Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
description	The presence of antibiotics in the environment and their subsequent impact on resistance development has raised concerns globally. Hospitals are a major source of antibiotics released into the environment. To reduce these residues, research to improve knowledge of the dynamics of antibiotic release from hospitals is essential. Therefore, we undertook a study to estimate seasonal and temporal variation in antibiotic release from two hospitals in India over a period of two years. For this, 6 sampling sessions of 24 hours each were conducted in the three prominent seasons of India, at all wastewater outlets of the two hospitals, using continuous and grab sampling methods. An in-house wastewater sampler was designed for continuous sampling. Eight antibiotics from four major antibiotic groups were selected for the study. To understand the temporal pattern of antibiotic release, each of the 24-hour sessions were divided in three sub-sampling sessions of 8 hours each. Solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the antibiotic residues. Six of the eight antibiotics studied were detected in the wastewater samples. Both continuous and grab sampling methods indicated that the highest quantities of fluoroquinolones were released in winter followed by the rainy season and the summer. No temporal pattern in antibiotic release was detected. In general, in a common timeframe, continuous sampling showed less concentration of antibiotics in wastewater as compared to grab sampling. It is suggested that continuous sampling should be the method of choice as grab sampling gives erroneous results, it being indicative of the quantities of antibiotics present in wastewater only at the time of sampling. Based on our studies, calculations indicate that from hospitals in India, an estimated 89, 1 and 25 ng/L/day of fluroquinolones, metronidazole and sulfamethoxazole respectively, might be getting released into the environment per 100 hospital beds.
format	article
author	Vishal Diwan Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg Ashok J Tamhankar
author_facet	Vishal Diwan Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg Ashok J Tamhankar
author_sort	Vishal Diwan
title	Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
title_short	Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
title_full	Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
title_fullStr	Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
title_sort	seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/21a4743a9bba4b2ab010c8da5c262c4c
work_keys_str_mv	AT vishaldiwan seasonalandtemporalvariationinreleaseofantibioticsinhospitalwastewaterestimationusingcontinuousandgrabsampling AT ceciliastalsbylundborg seasonalandtemporalvariationinreleaseofantibioticsinhospitalwastewaterestimationusingcontinuousandgrabsampling AT ashokjtamhankar seasonalandtemporalvariationinreleaseofantibioticsinhospitalwastewaterestimationusingcontinuousandgrabsampling
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Seasonal and temporal variation in release of antibiotics in hospital wastewater: estimation using continuous and grab sampling.

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