Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications

Negative differential resistance (NDR) is inherent in many electronic devices, in which, over a specific voltage range, the current decreases with increasing voltage. Semiconductor structures with NDR have several unique properties that stimulate the search for technological and circuitry solutions...

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Autores principales:	Vladimir Ulansky, Ahmed Raza, Denys Milke
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	controllable negative differential resistance cascode current mirror Wilson current mirror oscillator voltage-controlled oscillator phase noise Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21aebfb80e5b452d8b56090496bbfaaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21aebfb80e5b452d8b56090496bbfaaf2021-11-11T14:57:53ZTwo-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications10.3390/app112198152076-3417https://doaj.org/article/21aebfb80e5b452d8b56090496bbfaaf2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/9815https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Negative differential resistance (NDR) is inherent in many electronic devices, in which, over a specific voltage range, the current decreases with increasing voltage. Semiconductor structures with NDR have several unique properties that stimulate the search for technological and circuitry solutions in developing new semiconductor devices and circuits experiencing NDR features. This study considers two-terminal NDR electronic circuits based on multiple-output current mirrors, such as cascode, Wilson, and improved Wilson, combined with a field-effect transistor. The undoubted advantages of the proposed electronic circuits are the linearity of the current-voltage characteristics in the NDR region and the ability to regulate the value of negative resistance by changing the number of mirrored current sources. We derive equations for each proposed circuit to calculate the NDR region’s total current and differential resistance. We consider applications of NDR circuits for designing microwave single frequency oscillators and voltage-controlled oscillators. The problem of choosing the optimal oscillator topology is examined. We show that the designed oscillators based on NDR circuits with Wilson and improved Wilson multiple-output current mirrors have high efficiency and extremely low phase noise. For a single frequency oscillator consuming 33.9 mW, the phase noise is −154.6 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from a 1.310 GHz carrier. The resulting figure of merit is −221.6 dBc/Hz. The implemented oscillator prototype confirms the theoretical achievements.Vladimir UlanskyAhmed RazaDenys MilkeMDPI AGarticlecontrollable negative differential resistancecascode current mirrorWilson current mirroroscillatorvoltage-controlled oscillatorphase noiseTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 9815, p 9815 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	controllable negative differential resistance cascode current mirror Wilson current mirror oscillator voltage-controlled oscillator phase noise Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	controllable negative differential resistance cascode current mirror Wilson current mirror oscillator voltage-controlled oscillator phase noise Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Vladimir Ulansky Ahmed Raza Denys Milke Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
description	Negative differential resistance (NDR) is inherent in many electronic devices, in which, over a specific voltage range, the current decreases with increasing voltage. Semiconductor structures with NDR have several unique properties that stimulate the search for technological and circuitry solutions in developing new semiconductor devices and circuits experiencing NDR features. This study considers two-terminal NDR electronic circuits based on multiple-output current mirrors, such as cascode, Wilson, and improved Wilson, combined with a field-effect transistor. The undoubted advantages of the proposed electronic circuits are the linearity of the current-voltage characteristics in the NDR region and the ability to regulate the value of negative resistance by changing the number of mirrored current sources. We derive equations for each proposed circuit to calculate the NDR region’s total current and differential resistance. We consider applications of NDR circuits for designing microwave single frequency oscillators and voltage-controlled oscillators. The problem of choosing the optimal oscillator topology is examined. We show that the designed oscillators based on NDR circuits with Wilson and improved Wilson multiple-output current mirrors have high efficiency and extremely low phase noise. For a single frequency oscillator consuming 33.9 mW, the phase noise is −154.6 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from a 1.310 GHz carrier. The resulting figure of merit is −221.6 dBc/Hz. The implemented oscillator prototype confirms the theoretical achievements.
format	article
author	Vladimir Ulansky Ahmed Raza Denys Milke
author_facet	Vladimir Ulansky Ahmed Raza Denys Milke
author_sort	Vladimir Ulansky
title	Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
title_short	Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
title_full	Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
title_fullStr	Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications
title_sort	two-terminal electronic circuits with controllable linear ndr region and their applications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21aebfb80e5b452d8b56090496bbfaaf
work_keys_str_mv	AT vladimirulansky twoterminalelectroniccircuitswithcontrollablelinearndrregionandtheirapplications AT ahmedraza twoterminalelectroniccircuitswithcontrollablelinearndrregionandtheirapplications AT denysmilke twoterminalelectroniccircuitswithcontrollablelinearndrregionandtheirapplications
_version_	1718437866519920640

Two-Terminal Electronic Circuits with Controllable Linear NDR Region and Their Applications

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