The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region
Ticks are susceptible to environmental conditions and, to ensure survival during winter conditions, they adopt a wide variety of physiological and behavioral adaptations including utilization of a suitable niche with insulation (e.g., leaf coverage). To investigate the potential overwintering surviv...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:21d597a267694bc48180feaf363388b22021-11-25T17:59:28ZThe Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region10.3390/insects121110002075-4450https://doaj.org/article/21d597a267694bc48180feaf363388b22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/1000https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Ticks are susceptible to environmental conditions and, to ensure survival during winter conditions, they adopt a wide variety of physiological and behavioral adaptations including utilization of a suitable niche with insulation (e.g., leaf coverage). To investigate the potential overwintering survival of three tick populations emerging within Appalachian Virginia (<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum</i>, and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i>), both a laboratory experiment assessing super-cooling points and a two-factor (elevation and insulation coverage) field experiment assessing overwintering survivability were conducted across a natural southwestern Virginian winter (2020–2021). <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> adults were included in this study as an example of a well-established species in this region known to overwinter in these conditions. Our study indicated that <i>A. americanum</i> and <i>H. longicornis</i> wintering tolerance is based on life stage rather than external factors such as insulation (e.g., leaf litter) and elevation. <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> was more likely to survive without insulation. The ability to withstand the extreme temperatures of new regions is a key factor determining the survivability of novel tick species and is useful in assessing the invasion potential of arthropod vectors.Amanda Marie WhitlowRoger SchürchDonald MullinsGillian EastwoodMDPI AGarticleticksvectorinvasive speciesoverwintering survivalVirginiaAppalachiaScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 1000, p 1000 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
ticks vector invasive species overwintering survival Virginia Appalachia Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
ticks vector invasive species overwintering survival Virginia Appalachia Science Q Amanda Marie Whitlow Roger Schürch Donald Mullins Gillian Eastwood The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| description |
Ticks are susceptible to environmental conditions and, to ensure survival during winter conditions, they adopt a wide variety of physiological and behavioral adaptations including utilization of a suitable niche with insulation (e.g., leaf coverage). To investigate the potential overwintering survival of three tick populations emerging within Appalachian Virginia (<i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum</i>, and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i>), both a laboratory experiment assessing super-cooling points and a two-factor (elevation and insulation coverage) field experiment assessing overwintering survivability were conducted across a natural southwestern Virginian winter (2020–2021). <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> adults were included in this study as an example of a well-established species in this region known to overwinter in these conditions. Our study indicated that <i>A. americanum</i> and <i>H. longicornis</i> wintering tolerance is based on life stage rather than external factors such as insulation (e.g., leaf litter) and elevation. <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> was more likely to survive without insulation. The ability to withstand the extreme temperatures of new regions is a key factor determining the survivability of novel tick species and is useful in assessing the invasion potential of arthropod vectors. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Amanda Marie Whitlow Roger Schürch Donald Mullins Gillian Eastwood |
| author_facet |
Amanda Marie Whitlow Roger Schürch Donald Mullins Gillian Eastwood |
| author_sort |
Amanda Marie Whitlow |
| title |
The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| title_short |
The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| title_full |
The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| title_fullStr |
The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Influence of Southwestern Virginia Environmental Conditions on the Potential Ability of <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis, Amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>Amblyomma maculatum</i> to Overwinter in the Region |
| title_sort |
influence of southwestern virginia environmental conditions on the potential ability of <i>haemaphysalis longicornis, amblyomma americanum,</i> and <i>amblyomma maculatum</i> to overwinter in the region |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/21d597a267694bc48180feaf363388b2 |
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