Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Viral vectors have been frequently applied for vaccine development. It has also been the case for vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A multitude of different viral vectors have been mainly targetin...

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Autor principal:	Kenneth Lundstrom
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Open Exploration Publishing Inc. 2021
Materias:	viral vectors vaccines sars-cov-2 covid-19 clinical trials protection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21da190067fe46dd9fdb6c7b33606ee7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:21da190067fe46dd9fdb6c7b33606ee7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21da190067fe46dd9fdb6c7b33606ee72021-11-24T06:59:12ZViral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-210.37349/ei.2021.000202768-6655https://doaj.org/article/21da190067fe46dd9fdb6c7b33606ee72021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/ei/Article/100320https://doaj.org/toc/2768-6655Viral vectors have been frequently applied for vaccine development. It has also been the case for vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A multitude of different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as antigen. Intramuscular injection has been most commonly used, but also intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). The simian ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine applied as a prime-boost regimen has provided 62.1–90% vaccine efficacy in clinical trials. The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine requires only one immunization to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. The rAd26-S/rAd5-S vaccine utilizes the Ad26 serotype for the prime immunization followed by a boost with the Ad5 serotype resulting in 91.2% vaccine efficacy. All adenovirus-based vaccines are used for mass vaccinations. Moreover, vaccine candidates based on vaccinia virus and lentivirus vectors have been subjected to clinical evaluation. Among self-replicating RNA viruses, vaccine vectors based on measles virus, rhabdoviruses, and alphaviruses have been engineered and tested in clinical trials. In addition to the intramuscular route of administration vaccine candidates based on influenza viruses and adenoviruses have been subjected to intranasal delivery showing antibody responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenges in animal models. The detection of novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs to be monitored. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) must be investigated.Kenneth LundstromOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.articleviral vectorsvaccinessars-cov-2covid-19clinical trialsprotectionImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENExploration of Immunology, Vol 1, Iss 4, Pp 295-308 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	viral vectors vaccines sars-cov-2 covid-19 clinical trials protection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	viral vectors vaccines sars-cov-2 covid-19 clinical trials protection Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Kenneth Lundstrom Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
description	Viral vectors have been frequently applied for vaccine development. It has also been the case for vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A multitude of different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as antigen. Intramuscular injection has been most commonly used, but also intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). The simian ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine applied as a prime-boost regimen has provided 62.1–90% vaccine efficacy in clinical trials. The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine requires only one immunization to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. The rAd26-S/rAd5-S vaccine utilizes the Ad26 serotype for the prime immunization followed by a boost with the Ad5 serotype resulting in 91.2% vaccine efficacy. All adenovirus-based vaccines are used for mass vaccinations. Moreover, vaccine candidates based on vaccinia virus and lentivirus vectors have been subjected to clinical evaluation. Among self-replicating RNA viruses, vaccine vectors based on measles virus, rhabdoviruses, and alphaviruses have been engineered and tested in clinical trials. In addition to the intramuscular route of administration vaccine candidates based on influenza viruses and adenoviruses have been subjected to intranasal delivery showing antibody responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenges in animal models. The detection of novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs to be monitored. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) must be investigated.
format	article
author	Kenneth Lundstrom
author_facet	Kenneth Lundstrom
author_sort	Kenneth Lundstrom
title	Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
title_short	Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
title_full	Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
title_fullStr	Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
title_full_unstemmed	Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
title_sort	viral vector-based vaccines against sars-cov-2
publisher	Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21da190067fe46dd9fdb6c7b33606ee7
work_keys_str_mv	AT kennethlundstrom viralvectorbasedvaccinesagainstsarscov2
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Viral vector-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

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