An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.

Rift Valley fever is an acute, zoonotic viral disease of domestic ruminants, caused by a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae family). A large outbreak occurred in Madagascar in 2008-2009. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the point prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) in...

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Autores principales:	Veronique Chevalier, Toky Rakotondrafara, Marion Jourdan, Jean Michel Heraud, Harena Rasamoelina Andriamanivo, Benoit Durand, Julie Ravaomanana, Pierre E Rollin, René Rakotondravao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21dde1aaeef44bc4a59191cda49309fb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21dde1aaeef44bc4a59191cda49309fb2021-11-18T09:14:37ZAn unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0001423https://doaj.org/article/21dde1aaeef44bc4a59191cda49309fb2011-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22206026/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Rift Valley fever is an acute, zoonotic viral disease of domestic ruminants, caused by a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae family). A large outbreak occurred in Madagascar in 2008-2009. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the point prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) in cattle in the Anjozorobe district, located in the wet and temperate highland region of Madagascar and yet heavily affected by the disease, and analyse environmental and trade factors potentially linked to RVFV transmission. A serological study was performed in 2009 in 894 bovines. For each bovine, the following variables were recorded: age, location of the night pen, minimum distance from the pen to the nearest water point and the forest, nearest water point type, and herd replacement practices. The serological data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. The overall anti-RVFV IgG seroprevalence rate was 28% [CI95% 25-31]. Age was statistically linked to prevalence (p = 10(-4)), being consistent with a recurrent RVFV circulation. Distance from the night pen to the nearest water point was a protective factor (p = 5.10(-3)), which would be compatible with a substantial part of the virus transmission being carried out by nocturnal mosquito vectors. However, water point type did not influence the risk of infection: several mosquito species are probably involved. Cattle belonging to owners who purchase animals to renew the herd were significantly more likely to have seroconverted than others (p = 0.04): cattle trade may contribute to the introduction of the virus in this area. The minimum distance of the night pen to the forest was not linked to the prevalence. This is the first evidence of a recurrent transmission of RVFV in such an ecosystem that associates a wet, temperate climate, high altitude, paddy fields, and vicinity to a dense rain forest. Persistence mechanisms need to be further investigated.Veronique ChevalierToky RakotondrafaraMarion JourdanJean Michel HeraudHarena Rasamoelina AndriamanivoBenoit DurandJulie RavaomananaPierre E RollinRené RakotondravaoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 12, p e1423 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Veronique Chevalier Toky Rakotondrafara Marion Jourdan Jean Michel Heraud Harena Rasamoelina Andriamanivo Benoit Durand Julie Ravaomanana Pierre E Rollin René Rakotondravao An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
description	Rift Valley fever is an acute, zoonotic viral disease of domestic ruminants, caused by a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae family). A large outbreak occurred in Madagascar in 2008-2009. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the point prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) in cattle in the Anjozorobe district, located in the wet and temperate highland region of Madagascar and yet heavily affected by the disease, and analyse environmental and trade factors potentially linked to RVFV transmission. A serological study was performed in 2009 in 894 bovines. For each bovine, the following variables were recorded: age, location of the night pen, minimum distance from the pen to the nearest water point and the forest, nearest water point type, and herd replacement practices. The serological data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. The overall anti-RVFV IgG seroprevalence rate was 28% [CI95% 25-31]. Age was statistically linked to prevalence (p = 10(-4)), being consistent with a recurrent RVFV circulation. Distance from the night pen to the nearest water point was a protective factor (p = 5.10(-3)), which would be compatible with a substantial part of the virus transmission being carried out by nocturnal mosquito vectors. However, water point type did not influence the risk of infection: several mosquito species are probably involved. Cattle belonging to owners who purchase animals to renew the herd were significantly more likely to have seroconverted than others (p = 0.04): cattle trade may contribute to the introduction of the virus in this area. The minimum distance of the night pen to the forest was not linked to the prevalence. This is the first evidence of a recurrent transmission of RVFV in such an ecosystem that associates a wet, temperate climate, high altitude, paddy fields, and vicinity to a dense rain forest. Persistence mechanisms need to be further investigated.
format	article
author	Veronique Chevalier Toky Rakotondrafara Marion Jourdan Jean Michel Heraud Harena Rasamoelina Andriamanivo Benoit Durand Julie Ravaomanana Pierre E Rollin René Rakotondravao
author_facet	Veronique Chevalier Toky Rakotondrafara Marion Jourdan Jean Michel Heraud Harena Rasamoelina Andriamanivo Benoit Durand Julie Ravaomanana Pierre E Rollin René Rakotondravao
author_sort	Veronique Chevalier
title	An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
title_short	An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
title_full	An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
title_fullStr	An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
title_full_unstemmed	An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.
title_sort	unexpected recurrent transmission of rift valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of madagascar.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/21dde1aaeef44bc4a59191cda49309fb
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An unexpected recurrent transmission of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in a temperate and mountainous area of Madagascar.

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