Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones

Smartphones are a constant companion in everyday life. Interacting with a smartphone calls for a multimodal input and often leads to a multisensory output. Combining research in human-computer interaction (HCI) and psychology, the present research explored the idea that a smartphone is more than a s...

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Autores principales:	Marlene Gertz, Simone Schütz-Bosbach, Sarah Diefenbach
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	smartphone self-incorporation self-relevance hedonic product quality attachment rubber hand illusion Technology T Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21f3986f5c064e25895e2119ea353d7b
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:21f3986f5c064e25895e2119ea353d7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21f3986f5c064e25895e2119ea353d7b2021-11-25T18:29:36ZSmartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones10.3390/mti51100672414-4088https://doaj.org/article/21f3986f5c064e25895e2119ea353d7b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/11/67https://doaj.org/toc/2414-4088Smartphones are a constant companion in everyday life. Interacting with a smartphone calls for a multimodal input and often leads to a multisensory output. Combining research in human-computer interaction (HCI) and psychology, the present research explored the idea that a smartphone is more than a smart object but represents an object to which people feel emotionally attached to and which is even perceived as a part or an extension of a person’s self. To this end, we used an established rubber hand illusion paradigm to experimentally induce body ownership experiences in young adults (n = 76) in a 4-level mixed-design study. Our results revealed that in contrast to a neutral control object participants indeed felt attached to a smartphone, perceived it as a part of themselves and felt the need to interact with the device. This was specifically pronounced when hedonic characteristics were evaluated as high and when its usage for social communication was highlighted during the experiment. Psychological mechanisms of the incorporation of technologies are discussed and connected to positive and negative effects of smartphone usage on human behavior, its implications for technology design and marketing.Marlene GertzSimone Schütz-BosbachSarah DiefenbachMDPI AGarticlesmartphoneself-incorporationself-relevancehedonic product qualityattachmentrubber hand illusionTechnologyTScienceQENMultimodal Technologies and Interaction, Vol 5, Iss 67, p 67 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	smartphone self-incorporation self-relevance hedonic product quality attachment rubber hand illusion Technology T Science Q
spellingShingle	smartphone self-incorporation self-relevance hedonic product quality attachment rubber hand illusion Technology T Science Q Marlene Gertz Simone Schütz-Bosbach Sarah Diefenbach Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
description	Smartphones are a constant companion in everyday life. Interacting with a smartphone calls for a multimodal input and often leads to a multisensory output. Combining research in human-computer interaction (HCI) and psychology, the present research explored the idea that a smartphone is more than a smart object but represents an object to which people feel emotionally attached to and which is even perceived as a part or an extension of a person’s self. To this end, we used an established rubber hand illusion paradigm to experimentally induce body ownership experiences in young adults (n = 76) in a 4-level mixed-design study. Our results revealed that in contrast to a neutral control object participants indeed felt attached to a smartphone, perceived it as a part of themselves and felt the need to interact with the device. This was specifically pronounced when hedonic characteristics were evaluated as high and when its usage for social communication was highlighted during the experiment. Psychological mechanisms of the incorporation of technologies are discussed and connected to positive and negative effects of smartphone usage on human behavior, its implications for technology design and marketing.
format	article
author	Marlene Gertz Simone Schütz-Bosbach Sarah Diefenbach
author_facet	Marlene Gertz Simone Schütz-Bosbach Sarah Diefenbach
author_sort	Marlene Gertz
title	Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
title_short	Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
title_full	Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
title_fullStr	Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
title_full_unstemmed	Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones
title_sort	smartphone and the self: experimental investigation of self-incorporation of and attachment to smartphones
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21f3986f5c064e25895e2119ea353d7b
work_keys_str_mv	AT marlenegertz smartphoneandtheselfexperimentalinvestigationofselfincorporationofandattachmenttosmartphones AT simoneschutzbosbach smartphoneandtheselfexperimentalinvestigationofselfincorporationofandattachmenttosmartphones AT sarahdiefenbach smartphoneandtheselfexperimentalinvestigationofselfincorporationofandattachmenttosmartphones
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Smartphone and the Self: Experimental Investigation of Self-Incorporation of and Attachment to Smartphones

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