Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys have been regarded as promising biodegradable metals. The standardized cytotoxicity evaluation is a mandatory step to screen the biocompatibility of novel Zn and its alloys. Nevertheless, the suitability of the tetrazolium-based assay in the direct contact test for some meta...

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Autores principales:	Peijun Zhu, Jiahao Chen, Ping Li, Shulan Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biodegradable metals zinc cytotoxicity degradation tetrazolium-based assays Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/21f9ca2e31ef447ba743af6d3a0df5ec
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:21f9ca2e31ef447ba743af6d3a0df5ec2021-11-11T17:50:15ZLimitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals10.3390/ma142162471996-1944https://doaj.org/article/21f9ca2e31ef447ba743af6d3a0df5ec2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6247https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Zinc (Zn) and its alloys have been regarded as promising biodegradable metals. The standardized cytotoxicity evaluation is a mandatory step to screen the biocompatibility of novel Zn and its alloys. Nevertheless, the suitability of the tetrazolium-based assay in the direct contact test for some metallic biomaterials (i.e., magnesium and manganese) is questionable. In this study, our results demonstrate an obvious inconsistency between qualitative observation via fluorescence staining and quantitative assessment using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (CCK-8). Subsequent experiments revealed that Zn and pre-treated Zn can directly convert tetrazolium salts to formazan, falsifying the cytotoxicity results. Therefore, we conclude that the CCK-8 assay is not suitable for evaluating the cytotoxicity of biodegradable Zn-based metals in the direct contact test.Peijun ZhuJiahao ChenPing LiShulan XuMDPI AGarticlebiodegradable metalszinccytotoxicitydegradationtetrazolium-based assaysTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6247, p 6247 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biodegradable metals zinc cytotoxicity degradation tetrazolium-based assays Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	biodegradable metals zinc cytotoxicity degradation tetrazolium-based assays Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Peijun Zhu Jiahao Chen Ping Li Shulan Xu Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
description	Zinc (Zn) and its alloys have been regarded as promising biodegradable metals. The standardized cytotoxicity evaluation is a mandatory step to screen the biocompatibility of novel Zn and its alloys. Nevertheless, the suitability of the tetrazolium-based assay in the direct contact test for some metallic biomaterials (i.e., magnesium and manganese) is questionable. In this study, our results demonstrate an obvious inconsistency between qualitative observation via fluorescence staining and quantitative assessment using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (CCK-8). Subsequent experiments revealed that Zn and pre-treated Zn can directly convert tetrazolium salts to formazan, falsifying the cytotoxicity results. Therefore, we conclude that the CCK-8 assay is not suitable for evaluating the cytotoxicity of biodegradable Zn-based metals in the direct contact test.
format	article
author	Peijun Zhu Jiahao Chen Ping Li Shulan Xu
author_facet	Peijun Zhu Jiahao Chen Ping Li Shulan Xu
author_sort	Peijun Zhu
title	Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
title_short	Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
title_full	Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
title_fullStr	Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
title_full_unstemmed	Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals
title_sort	limitation of water-soluble tetrazolium salt for the cytocompatibility evaluation of zinc-based metals
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/21f9ca2e31ef447ba743af6d3a0df5ec
work_keys_str_mv	AT peijunzhu limitationofwatersolubletetrazoliumsaltforthecytocompatibilityevaluationofzincbasedmetals AT jiahaochen limitationofwatersolubletetrazoliumsaltforthecytocompatibilityevaluationofzincbasedmetals AT pingli limitationofwatersolubletetrazoliumsaltforthecytocompatibilityevaluationofzincbasedmetals AT shulanxu limitationofwatersolubletetrazoliumsaltforthecytocompatibilityevaluationofzincbasedmetals
_version_	1718431990182576128

Limitation of Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt for the Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Zinc-Based Metals

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