The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids

The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions...

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Autores principales:	Amrita Vijay, Afroditi Kouraki, Sameer Gohir, James Turnbull, Anthony Kelly, Vicky Chapman, David A Barrett, William J Bulsiewicz, Ana M Valdes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	endocannabinoids exercise gut microbes scfa inflammatory markers intervention Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c2021-11-26T11:19:48ZThe anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids1949-09761949-098410.1080/19490976.2021.1997559https://doaj.org/article/220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1997559https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0976https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0984The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = −.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome.Amrita VijayAfroditi KourakiSameer GohirJames TurnbullAnthony KellyVicky ChapmanDavid A BarrettWilliam J BulsiewiczAna M ValdesTaylor & Francis Grouparticleendocannabinoidsexercisegut microbesscfainflammatory markersinterventionDiseases of the digestive system. GastroenterologyRC799-869ENGut Microbes, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	endocannabinoids exercise gut microbes scfa inflammatory markers intervention Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
spellingShingle	endocannabinoids exercise gut microbes scfa inflammatory markers intervention Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869 Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
description	The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in modulating inflammatory markers. Using data from a 6 week exercise intervention (treatment n = 38 control n = 40) and a cross sectional validation cohort (n = 35), we measured the associations of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) with gut microbiome composition, gut derived metabolites (SCFAs) and inflammatory markers both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At baseline AEA and OEA were positively associated with alpha diversity (β(SE) = .32 (.06), P = .002; .44 (.04), P < .001) and with SCFA producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (2-AG β(SE) = .21 (.10), P < .01; PEA β(SE) = .23 (.08), P < .01), Coprococcus 3 and Faecalibacterium (PEA β(SE) = .29 (.11), P = .01; .25 (.09), P < .01) and negatively associated with Collinsella (AEA β(SE) = −.31 (.12), P = .004). Additionally, we found AEA to be positively associated with SCFA Butyrate (β(SE) = .34 (.15), P = .01). AEA, OEA and PEA all increased significantly with the exercise intervention but remained constant in the control group. Changes in AEA correlated with SCFA butyrate and increases in AEA and PEA correlated with decreases in TNF-ɑ and IL-6 statistically mediating one third of the effect of SCFAs on these cytokines. Our data show that the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs are partly mediated by the EC system suggesting that there may be other pathways involved in the modulation of the immune system via the gut microbiome.
format	article
author	Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes
author_facet	Amrita Vijay Afroditi Kouraki Sameer Gohir James Turnbull Anthony Kelly Vicky Chapman David A Barrett William J Bulsiewicz Ana M Valdes
author_sort	Amrita Vijay
title	The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
title_short	The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
title_full	The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
title_fullStr	The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
title_full_unstemmed	The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
title_sort	anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/220a4e0d15264747b30111bc85f5e15c
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The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids

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