The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement

Although VR technology can provide an ideal learning and application environment for learners’ language skill acquisition, the learning performance of different types of learners in virtual environments and differences in their knowledge transfer ability from the virtual to the real environment stil...

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Autores principales:	Jia-Ye Cai, Ruo-Fan Wang, Cui-Yu Wang, Xin-Dong Ye, Xiao-Zhi Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	virtual reality spoken English learning VR-based training and testing system cognitive style learning achievement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/222f72afa6b645238cc8413b4b02713f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:222f72afa6b645238cc8413b4b02713f2021-11-11T19:28:08ZThe Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement10.3390/su1321117512071-1050https://doaj.org/article/222f72afa6b645238cc8413b4b02713f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11751https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Although VR technology can provide an ideal learning and application environment for learners’ language skill acquisition, the learning performance of different types of learners in virtual environments and differences in their knowledge transfer ability from the virtual to the real environment still need further discussion. Therefore, we developed a VR English speaking training and testing system to understand the influence of cognitive style and test environment on the learners’ learning effect. The results indicated that: (1) the learning effect of the field-independent learners was lower than that of the field-dependent learners in the real testing environment, but significantly higher than that of the field-dependent learners in the virtual testing environment. Meanwhile, there was a more significant difference in the real and virtual learning effect between the field-dependent and field-independent learners; (2) there was a significant interaction between cognitive style and test environment in the learners’ learning effect. Besides, cognitive style and test environment had an influence on the spoken English learning effect based on VR. The field-independent learners were more likely to transfer what they had learned in the virtual environment to the real application.Jia-Ye CaiRuo-Fan WangCui-Yu WangXin-Dong YeXiao-Zhi LiMDPI AGarticlevirtual realityspoken English learningVR-based training and testing systemcognitive stylelearning achievementEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11751, p 11751 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	virtual reality spoken English learning VR-based training and testing system cognitive style learning achievement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	virtual reality spoken English learning VR-based training and testing system cognitive style learning achievement Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Jia-Ye Cai Ruo-Fan Wang Cui-Yu Wang Xin-Dong Ye Xiao-Zhi Li The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
description	Although VR technology can provide an ideal learning and application environment for learners’ language skill acquisition, the learning performance of different types of learners in virtual environments and differences in their knowledge transfer ability from the virtual to the real environment still need further discussion. Therefore, we developed a VR English speaking training and testing system to understand the influence of cognitive style and test environment on the learners’ learning effect. The results indicated that: (1) the learning effect of the field-independent learners was lower than that of the field-dependent learners in the real testing environment, but significantly higher than that of the field-dependent learners in the virtual testing environment. Meanwhile, there was a more significant difference in the real and virtual learning effect between the field-dependent and field-independent learners; (2) there was a significant interaction between cognitive style and test environment in the learners’ learning effect. Besides, cognitive style and test environment had an influence on the spoken English learning effect based on VR. The field-independent learners were more likely to transfer what they had learned in the virtual environment to the real application.
format	article
author	Jia-Ye Cai Ruo-Fan Wang Cui-Yu Wang Xin-Dong Ye Xiao-Zhi Li
author_facet	Jia-Ye Cai Ruo-Fan Wang Cui-Yu Wang Xin-Dong Ye Xiao-Zhi Li
author_sort	Jia-Ye Cai
title	The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
title_short	The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
title_full	The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
title_fullStr	The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
title_full_unstemmed	The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement
title_sort	influence of learners’ cognitive style and testing environment supported by virtual reality on english-speaking learning achievement
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/222f72afa6b645238cc8413b4b02713f
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The Influence of Learners’ Cognitive Style and Testing Environment Supported by Virtual Reality on English-Speaking Learning Achievement

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