Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.

Predatory and scavenging birds may be exposed to high levels of lead when they ingest shot or bullet fragments embedded in the tissues of animals injured or killed with lead ammunition. Lead poisoning was a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered California condor population in the 1980...

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Autores principales:	Terra R Kelly, Peter H Bloom, Steve G Torres, Yvette Z Hernandez, Robert H Poppenga, Walter M Boyce, Christine K Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2237635d8ae24b11b04299402f8c6dbe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2237635d8ae24b11b04299402f8c6dbe2021-11-18T06:56:11ZImpact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017656https://doaj.org/article/2237635d8ae24b11b04299402f8c6dbe2011-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21494329/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Predatory and scavenging birds may be exposed to high levels of lead when they ingest shot or bullet fragments embedded in the tissues of animals injured or killed with lead ammunition. Lead poisoning was a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered California condor population in the 1980s, and remains one of the primary factors threatening species recovery. In response to this threat, a ban on the use of lead ammunition for most hunting activities in the range of the condor in California was implemented in 2008. Monitoring of lead exposure in predatory and scavenging birds is essential for assessing the effectiveness of the lead ammunition ban in reducing lead exposure in these species. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the regulation in decreasing blood lead concentration in two avian sentinels, golden eagles and turkey vultures, within the condor range in California. We compared blood lead concentration in golden eagles and turkey vultures prior to the lead ammunition ban and one year following implementation of the ban. Lead exposure in both golden eagles and turkey vultures declined significantly post-ban. Our findings provide evidence that hunter compliance with lead ammunition regulations was sufficient to reduce lead exposure in predatory and scavenging birds at our study sites.Terra R KellyPeter H BloomSteve G TorresYvette Z HernandezRobert H PoppengaWalter M BoyceChristine K JohnsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 4, p e17656 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Terra R Kelly Peter H Bloom Steve G Torres Yvette Z Hernandez Robert H Poppenga Walter M Boyce Christine K Johnson Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
description	Predatory and scavenging birds may be exposed to high levels of lead when they ingest shot or bullet fragments embedded in the tissues of animals injured or killed with lead ammunition. Lead poisoning was a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered California condor population in the 1980s, and remains one of the primary factors threatening species recovery. In response to this threat, a ban on the use of lead ammunition for most hunting activities in the range of the condor in California was implemented in 2008. Monitoring of lead exposure in predatory and scavenging birds is essential for assessing the effectiveness of the lead ammunition ban in reducing lead exposure in these species. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the regulation in decreasing blood lead concentration in two avian sentinels, golden eagles and turkey vultures, within the condor range in California. We compared blood lead concentration in golden eagles and turkey vultures prior to the lead ammunition ban and one year following implementation of the ban. Lead exposure in both golden eagles and turkey vultures declined significantly post-ban. Our findings provide evidence that hunter compliance with lead ammunition regulations was sufficient to reduce lead exposure in predatory and scavenging birds at our study sites.
format	article
author	Terra R Kelly Peter H Bloom Steve G Torres Yvette Z Hernandez Robert H Poppenga Walter M Boyce Christine K Johnson
author_facet	Terra R Kelly Peter H Bloom Steve G Torres Yvette Z Hernandez Robert H Poppenga Walter M Boyce Christine K Johnson
author_sort	Terra R Kelly
title	Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
title_short	Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
title_full	Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
title_fullStr	Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
title_sort	impact of the california lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/2237635d8ae24b11b04299402f8c6dbe
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Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures.

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