Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background The cardioprotective ability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is controversial. Most studies suggest a specific role for PUFAs in cardioprotection from ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have used genetic biomarkers of n-3 PUFAs to examine their potentia...

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Autores principales:	Bayi Xu, Zhixia Xu, Duanmin Xu, Xuerui Tan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Mendelian randomization Ischemic heart disease Cardiometabolic risk factors Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2245eee2ba0c48e48e652c8e20dec631
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2245eee2ba0c48e48e652c8e20dec6312021-11-14T12:07:36ZEffect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study10.1186/s12872-021-02342-61471-2261https://doaj.org/article/2245eee2ba0c48e48e652c8e20dec6312021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02342-6https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2261Abstract Background The cardioprotective ability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is controversial. Most studies suggest a specific role for PUFAs in cardioprotection from ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have used genetic biomarkers of n-3 PUFAs to examine their potential relationships with IHD. This study aimed to use Mendelian randomization to evaluate whether genetically-predicted n-3 PUFAs affect IHD and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs). Methods Genetic variants strongly (p < 5 × 10–8) and independently (r 2 > 0.1) associated with n-3 PUFAs were derived from the CHARGE Consortium (including 8,866 subjects of European ancestry) and were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for evaluating the effect of n-3 PUFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Data on the associations between the IVs and IHD, myocardial infarction, and CRFs (including diabetes, lipids, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) were obtained from the UK Biobank SOFT CAD GWAS with the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes-based GWAS (113,937 IHD cases and 339,115 controls), the Myocardial Infarction Genetics and CARDIoGRAM Exome consortia (42,335 MI cases and 78,240 controls), the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (26,676 diabetes mellitus cases and 132,532 controls), the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 196,475), the International Consortium for Blood Pressure (n = 69,395), and the meta-analysis of GWAS for body fat distribution in the UK Biobank and Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (n = 694,649). Results Genetically-predicted higher ALA was associated with lower risk of IHD, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and lower serum lipids. The effect size per 0.05-unit increase (about 1 standard deviation) in plasma ALA level) was − 1.173 (95% confidence interval − 2.214 to − 0.133) for IHD. DPA and EPA had no association with IHD but were associated with a higher risk of T2D, higher levels of lipids or WHR. DHA had no association with IHD or CRFs. Conclusions Our study suggests a benefit of ALA for IHD and its main risk factors. DHA, DPA, and EPA had no association with IHD but were partly associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk factors.Bayi XuZhixia XuDuanmin XuXuerui TanBMCarticleN-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsMendelian randomizationIschemic heart diseaseCardiometabolic risk factorsDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemRC666-701ENBMC Cardiovascular Disorders, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Mendelian randomization Ischemic heart disease Cardiometabolic risk factors Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701
spellingShingle	N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Mendelian randomization Ischemic heart disease Cardiometabolic risk factors Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701 Bayi Xu Zhixia Xu Duanmin Xu Xuerui Tan Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
description	Abstract Background The cardioprotective ability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is controversial. Most studies suggest a specific role for PUFAs in cardioprotection from ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, few studies have used genetic biomarkers of n-3 PUFAs to examine their potential relationships with IHD. This study aimed to use Mendelian randomization to evaluate whether genetically-predicted n-3 PUFAs affect IHD and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs). Methods Genetic variants strongly (p < 5 × 10–8) and independently (r 2 > 0.1) associated with n-3 PUFAs were derived from the CHARGE Consortium (including 8,866 subjects of European ancestry) and were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for evaluating the effect of n-3 PUFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Data on the associations between the IVs and IHD, myocardial infarction, and CRFs (including diabetes, lipids, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) were obtained from the UK Biobank SOFT CAD GWAS with the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes-based GWAS (113,937 IHD cases and 339,115 controls), the Myocardial Infarction Genetics and CARDIoGRAM Exome consortia (42,335 MI cases and 78,240 controls), the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (26,676 diabetes mellitus cases and 132,532 controls), the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 196,475), the International Consortium for Blood Pressure (n = 69,395), and the meta-analysis of GWAS for body fat distribution in the UK Biobank and Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (n = 694,649). Results Genetically-predicted higher ALA was associated with lower risk of IHD, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and lower serum lipids. The effect size per 0.05-unit increase (about 1 standard deviation) in plasma ALA level) was − 1.173 (95% confidence interval − 2.214 to − 0.133) for IHD. DPA and EPA had no association with IHD but were associated with a higher risk of T2D, higher levels of lipids or WHR. DHA had no association with IHD or CRFs. Conclusions Our study suggests a benefit of ALA for IHD and its main risk factors. DHA, DPA, and EPA had no association with IHD but were partly associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk factors.
format	article
author	Bayi Xu Zhixia Xu Duanmin Xu Xuerui Tan
author_facet	Bayi Xu Zhixia Xu Duanmin Xu Xuerui Tan
author_sort	Bayi Xu
title	Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_short	Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_full	Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr	Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_sort	effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2245eee2ba0c48e48e652c8e20dec631
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Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ischemic heart disease and cardiometabolic risk factors: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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