Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution

Abstract Inferring species' responses to climate change in the absence of long‐term time series data is a challenge, but can be achieved by substituting space for time. For example, thermal elevational gradients represent suitable proxies to study phenological responses to warming. We used butt...

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Autores principales:	Konstantina Zografou, Andrea Grill, Robert J. Wilson, John M. Halley, George C. Adamidis, Vassiliki Kati
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2020
Materias:	changing climate developmental delay elevational gradient emergence time flight period Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/224bc05bc3914cc9a98f5722e4bb15ab
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:224bc05bc3914cc9a98f5722e4bb15ab2021-11-04T13:06:10ZButterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution2045-775810.1002/ece3.5951https://doaj.org/article/224bc05bc3914cc9a98f5722e4bb15ab2020-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5951https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Inferring species' responses to climate change in the absence of long‐term time series data is a challenge, but can be achieved by substituting space for time. For example, thermal elevational gradients represent suitable proxies to study phenological responses to warming. We used butterfly data from two Mediterranean mountain areas to test whether mean dates of appearance of communities and individual species show a delay with increasing altitude, and an accompanying shortening in the duration of flight periods. We found a 14‐day delay in the mean date of appearance per kilometer increase in altitude for butterfly communities overall, and an average 23‐day shift for 26 selected species, alongside average summer temperature lapse rates of 3°C per km. At higher elevations, there was a shortening of the flight period for the community of 3 days/km, with an 8.8‐day average decline per km for individual species. Rates of phenological delay differed significantly between the two mountain ranges, although this did not seem to result from the respective temperature lapse rates. These results suggest that climate warming could lead to advanced and lengthened flight periods for Mediterranean mountain butterfly communities. However, although multivoltine species showed the expected response of delayed and shortened flight periods at higher elevations, univoltine species showed more pronounced delays in terms of species appearance. Hence, while projections of overall community responses to climate change may benefit from space‐for‐time substitutions, understanding species‐specific responses to local features of habitat and climate may be needed to accurately predict the effects of climate change on phenology.Konstantina ZografouAndrea GrillRobert J. WilsonJohn M. HalleyGeorge C. AdamidisVassiliki KatiWileyarticlechanging climatedevelopmental delayelevational gradientemergence timeflight periodEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 928-939 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	changing climate developmental delay elevational gradient emergence time flight period Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	changing climate developmental delay elevational gradient emergence time flight period Ecology QH540-549.5 Konstantina Zografou Andrea Grill Robert J. Wilson John M. Halley George C. Adamidis Vassiliki Kati Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
description	Abstract Inferring species' responses to climate change in the absence of long‐term time series data is a challenge, but can be achieved by substituting space for time. For example, thermal elevational gradients represent suitable proxies to study phenological responses to warming. We used butterfly data from two Mediterranean mountain areas to test whether mean dates of appearance of communities and individual species show a delay with increasing altitude, and an accompanying shortening in the duration of flight periods. We found a 14‐day delay in the mean date of appearance per kilometer increase in altitude for butterfly communities overall, and an average 23‐day shift for 26 selected species, alongside average summer temperature lapse rates of 3°C per km. At higher elevations, there was a shortening of the flight period for the community of 3 days/km, with an 8.8‐day average decline per km for individual species. Rates of phenological delay differed significantly between the two mountain ranges, although this did not seem to result from the respective temperature lapse rates. These results suggest that climate warming could lead to advanced and lengthened flight periods for Mediterranean mountain butterfly communities. However, although multivoltine species showed the expected response of delayed and shortened flight periods at higher elevations, univoltine species showed more pronounced delays in terms of species appearance. Hence, while projections of overall community responses to climate change may benefit from space‐for‐time substitutions, understanding species‐specific responses to local features of habitat and climate may be needed to accurately predict the effects of climate change on phenology.
format	article
author	Konstantina Zografou Andrea Grill Robert J. Wilson John M. Halley George C. Adamidis Vassiliki Kati
author_facet	Konstantina Zografou Andrea Grill Robert J. Wilson John M. Halley George C. Adamidis Vassiliki Kati
author_sort	Konstantina Zografou
title	Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
title_short	Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
title_full	Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
title_fullStr	Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
title_full_unstemmed	Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
title_sort	butterfly phenology in mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/224bc05bc3914cc9a98f5722e4bb15ab
work_keys_str_mv	AT konstantinazografou butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution AT andreagrill butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution AT robertjwilson butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution AT johnmhalley butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution AT georgecadamidis butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution AT vassilikikati butterflyphenologyinmediterraneanmountainsusingspacefortimesubstitution
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Butterfly phenology in Mediterranean mountains using space‐for‐time substitution

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