Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.

The last years, cowpox infections are being increasingly reported through Eurasia. Cowpox viruses (CPXVs) have been reported to have different genotypes and may be subdivided in at least five genetically distinct monophyletic clusters. However, little is known about their in vitro and in vivo featur...

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Autores principales:	Sophie Duraffour, Barbara Mertens, Hermann Meyer, Joost J van den Oord, Tania Mitera, Patrick Matthys, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andrei
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/229a11cddce743eb8af0f58e41c8c159
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:229a11cddce743eb8af0f58e41c8c1592021-11-18T07:57:22ZEmergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0055808https://doaj.org/article/229a11cddce743eb8af0f58e41c8c1592013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23457480/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The last years, cowpox infections are being increasingly reported through Eurasia. Cowpox viruses (CPXVs) have been reported to have different genotypes and may be subdivided in at least five genetically distinct monophyletic clusters. However, little is known about their in vitro and in vivo features. In this report, five genetically diverse CPXVs, including one reference strain (CPXV strain Brighton) and four clinical isolates from human and animal cases, were compared with regard to growth in cells, pathogenicity in mice and inhibition by antivirals. While all CPXVs replicated similarly in vitro and showed comparable antiviral susceptibility, marked discrepancies were seen in vivo, including differences in virulence with recorded mortality rates of 0%, 20% and 100%. The four CPXV clinical isolates appeared less pathogenic than two reference strains, CPXV Brighton and vaccinia virus Western-Reserve. Disease severity seemed to correlate with high viral DNA loads in several organs, virus titers in lung tissues and levels of IL-6 cytokine in the sera. Our study highlighted that the species CPXV consists of viruses that not only differ considerably in their genotypes but also in their in vivo phenotypes, indicating that CPXVs should not be longer classified as a single species. Lung virus titers and IL-6 cytokine level in mice may be used as biomarkers for predicting disease severity. We further demonstrated the potential benefit of cidofovir, CMX001 and ST-246 use as antiviral therapy.Sophie DuraffourBarbara MertensHermann MeyerJoost J van den OordTania MiteraPatrick MatthysRobert SnoeckGraciela AndreiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 2, p e55808 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sophie Duraffour Barbara Mertens Hermann Meyer Joost J van den Oord Tania Mitera Patrick Matthys Robert Snoeck Graciela Andrei Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
description	The last years, cowpox infections are being increasingly reported through Eurasia. Cowpox viruses (CPXVs) have been reported to have different genotypes and may be subdivided in at least five genetically distinct monophyletic clusters. However, little is known about their in vitro and in vivo features. In this report, five genetically diverse CPXVs, including one reference strain (CPXV strain Brighton) and four clinical isolates from human and animal cases, were compared with regard to growth in cells, pathogenicity in mice and inhibition by antivirals. While all CPXVs replicated similarly in vitro and showed comparable antiviral susceptibility, marked discrepancies were seen in vivo, including differences in virulence with recorded mortality rates of 0%, 20% and 100%. The four CPXV clinical isolates appeared less pathogenic than two reference strains, CPXV Brighton and vaccinia virus Western-Reserve. Disease severity seemed to correlate with high viral DNA loads in several organs, virus titers in lung tissues and levels of IL-6 cytokine in the sera. Our study highlighted that the species CPXV consists of viruses that not only differ considerably in their genotypes but also in their in vivo phenotypes, indicating that CPXVs should not be longer classified as a single species. Lung virus titers and IL-6 cytokine level in mice may be used as biomarkers for predicting disease severity. We further demonstrated the potential benefit of cidofovir, CMX001 and ST-246 use as antiviral therapy.
format	article
author	Sophie Duraffour Barbara Mertens Hermann Meyer Joost J van den Oord Tania Mitera Patrick Matthys Robert Snoeck Graciela Andrei
author_facet	Sophie Duraffour Barbara Mertens Hermann Meyer Joost J van den Oord Tania Mitera Patrick Matthys Robert Snoeck Graciela Andrei
author_sort	Sophie Duraffour
title	Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
title_short	Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
title_full	Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
title_fullStr	Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
title_full_unstemmed	Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
title_sort	emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/229a11cddce743eb8af0f58e41c8c159
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Emergence of cowpox: study of the virulence of clinical strains and evaluation of antivirals.

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