Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review

Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have manifold potential applications, leading to the possibility of their release into environments and the exposure to humans and other organisms. However,...

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Autores principales:	Kangying Wu, Qixing Zhou, Shaohu Ouyang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	graphene family nanomaterials genotoxicity DNA damage safety toxicity Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/22bb3372e82847cbaccd44ed46cb069d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:22bb3372e82847cbaccd44ed46cb069d2021-11-25T18:30:36ZDirect and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review10.3390/nano111128892079-4991https://doaj.org/article/22bb3372e82847cbaccd44ed46cb069d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2889https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have manifold potential applications, leading to the possibility of their release into environments and the exposure to humans and other organisms. However, the genotoxicity of GFNs on DNA remains largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the interactions between DNA and GFNs and summarize the mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by GFNs. Generally, the genotoxicity can be sub-classified into direct genotoxicity and indirect genotoxicity. The direct genotoxicity (e.g., direct physical nucleus and DNA damage) and indirect genotoxicity mechanisms (e.g., physical destruction, oxidative stress, epigenetic toxicity, and DNA replication) of GFNs were summarized in the manuscript, respectively. Moreover, the influences factors, such as physicochemical properties, exposure dose, and time, on the genotoxicity of GFNs are also briefly discussed. Given the important role of genotoxicity in GFNs exposure risk assessment, future research should be conducted on the following: (1) developing reliable testing methods; (2) elucidating the response mechanisms associated with genotoxicity in depth; and (3) enriching the evaluation database regarding the type of GFNs, applied dosages, and exposure times.Kangying WuQixing ZhouShaohu OuyangMDPI AGarticlegraphene family nanomaterialsgenotoxicityDNA damagesafetytoxicityChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2889, p 2889 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	graphene family nanomaterials genotoxicity DNA damage safety toxicity Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	graphene family nanomaterials genotoxicity DNA damage safety toxicity Chemistry QD1-999 Kangying Wu Qixing Zhou Shaohu Ouyang Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
description	Graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have manifold potential applications, leading to the possibility of their release into environments and the exposure to humans and other organisms. However, the genotoxicity of GFNs on DNA remains largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the interactions between DNA and GFNs and summarize the mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by GFNs. Generally, the genotoxicity can be sub-classified into direct genotoxicity and indirect genotoxicity. The direct genotoxicity (e.g., direct physical nucleus and DNA damage) and indirect genotoxicity mechanisms (e.g., physical destruction, oxidative stress, epigenetic toxicity, and DNA replication) of GFNs were summarized in the manuscript, respectively. Moreover, the influences factors, such as physicochemical properties, exposure dose, and time, on the genotoxicity of GFNs are also briefly discussed. Given the important role of genotoxicity in GFNs exposure risk assessment, future research should be conducted on the following: (1) developing reliable testing methods; (2) elucidating the response mechanisms associated with genotoxicity in depth; and (3) enriching the evaluation database regarding the type of GFNs, applied dosages, and exposure times.
format	article
author	Kangying Wu Qixing Zhou Shaohu Ouyang
author_facet	Kangying Wu Qixing Zhou Shaohu Ouyang
author_sort	Kangying Wu
title	Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
title_short	Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
title_full	Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
title_fullStr	Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review
title_sort	direct and indirect genotoxicity of graphene family nanomaterials on dna—a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/22bb3372e82847cbaccd44ed46cb069d
work_keys_str_mv	AT kangyingwu directandindirectgenotoxicityofgraphenefamilynanomaterialsondnaareview AT qixingzhou directandindirectgenotoxicityofgraphenefamilynanomaterialsondnaareview AT shaohuouyang directandindirectgenotoxicityofgraphenefamilynanomaterialsondnaareview
_version_	1718411062291726336

Direct and Indirect Genotoxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials on DNA—A Review

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