Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is known to produce euphoric states, but may also cause adverse consequences in humans, such as hyperthermia and neurocognitive deficits. Although MDMA consumption has been associated with visual problems, the effects of this recreational drug in ret...

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Autores principales:	João Martins, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Ana Batista, Bárbara Oliveiros, Ana Raquel Santiago, Joana Galvão, Eduarda Fernandes, Félix Carvalho, Cláudia Cavadas, António F Ambrósio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/22d49c3810d94a94a42d6d39129ca572
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:22d49c3810d94a94a42d6d39129ca5722021-11-18T07:31:29ZEffects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0029583https://doaj.org/article/22d49c3810d94a94a42d6d39129ca5722011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22216322/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-62033,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is known to produce euphoric states, but may also cause adverse consequences in humans, such as hyperthermia and neurocognitive deficits. Although MDMA consumption has been associated with visual problems, the effects of this recreational drug in retinal physiology have not been addressed hitherto. In this work, we evaluated the effect of a single MDMA administration in the rat electroretinogram (ERG). Wistar rats were administered MDMA (15 mg/kg) or saline and ERGs were recorded before (Baseline ERG), and 3 h, 24 h, and 7 days after treatment. A high temperature (HT) saline-treated control group was also included. Overall, significantly augmented and shorter latency ERG responses were found in MDMA and HT groups 3 h after treatment when compared to Baseline. Twenty-four hours after treatment some of the alterations found at 3 h, mainly characterized by shorter latency, tended to return to Baseline values. However, MDMA-treated animals still presented increased scotopic a-wave and b-wave amplitudes compared to Baseline ERGs, which were independent of temperature elevation though the latter might underlie the acute ERG alterations observed 3 h after MDMA administration. Seven days after MDMA administration recovery from these effects had occurred. The effects seem to stem from specific changes observed at the a-wave level, which indicates that MDMA affects subacutely (at 24 h) retinal physiology at the outer retinal (photoreceptor/bipolar) layers. In conclusion, we have found direct evidence that MDMA causes subacute enhancement of the outer retinal responses (most prominent in the a-wave), though ERG alterations resume within one week. These changes in photoreceptor/bipolar cell physiology may have implications for the understanding of the subacute visual manifestations induced by MDMA in humans.João MartinsMiguel Castelo-BrancoAna BatistaBárbara OliveirosAna Raquel SantiagoJoana GalvãoEduarda FernandesFélix CarvalhoCláudia CavadasAntónio F AmbrósioPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 12, p e29583 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q João Martins Miguel Castelo-Branco Ana Batista Bárbara Oliveiros Ana Raquel Santiago Joana Galvão Eduarda Fernandes Félix Carvalho Cláudia Cavadas António F Ambrósio Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
description	3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is known to produce euphoric states, but may also cause adverse consequences in humans, such as hyperthermia and neurocognitive deficits. Although MDMA consumption has been associated with visual problems, the effects of this recreational drug in retinal physiology have not been addressed hitherto. In this work, we evaluated the effect of a single MDMA administration in the rat electroretinogram (ERG). Wistar rats were administered MDMA (15 mg/kg) or saline and ERGs were recorded before (Baseline ERG), and 3 h, 24 h, and 7 days after treatment. A high temperature (HT) saline-treated control group was also included. Overall, significantly augmented and shorter latency ERG responses were found in MDMA and HT groups 3 h after treatment when compared to Baseline. Twenty-four hours after treatment some of the alterations found at 3 h, mainly characterized by shorter latency, tended to return to Baseline values. However, MDMA-treated animals still presented increased scotopic a-wave and b-wave amplitudes compared to Baseline ERGs, which were independent of temperature elevation though the latter might underlie the acute ERG alterations observed 3 h after MDMA administration. Seven days after MDMA administration recovery from these effects had occurred. The effects seem to stem from specific changes observed at the a-wave level, which indicates that MDMA affects subacutely (at 24 h) retinal physiology at the outer retinal (photoreceptor/bipolar) layers. In conclusion, we have found direct evidence that MDMA causes subacute enhancement of the outer retinal responses (most prominent in the a-wave), though ERG alterations resume within one week. These changes in photoreceptor/bipolar cell physiology may have implications for the understanding of the subacute visual manifestations induced by MDMA in humans.
format	article
author	João Martins Miguel Castelo-Branco Ana Batista Bárbara Oliveiros Ana Raquel Santiago Joana Galvão Eduarda Fernandes Félix Carvalho Cláudia Cavadas António F Ambrósio
author_facet	João Martins Miguel Castelo-Branco Ana Batista Bárbara Oliveiros Ana Raquel Santiago Joana Galvão Eduarda Fernandes Félix Carvalho Cláudia Cavadas António F Ambrósio
author_sort	João Martins
title	Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
title_short	Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
title_full	Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
title_fullStr	Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
title_sort	effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/22d49c3810d94a94a42d6d39129ca572
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Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine administration on retinal physiology in the rat.

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