Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)

Current sustainability challenges place entire communities at the centre of the energy revolution, rather than individual buildings. The need to develop energy-efficient and low-carbon economies lies at the heart of fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. The potential of the...

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Autores principales:	Matteo Bilardo, Federico Sandrone, Guido Zanzottera, Enrico Fabrizio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Fifth district heating and cooling Low-enthalpy thermal network 5GDHC Smart thermal grid Simulation-aided design District network modelling Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/22dde24db2374eda9e46a5026ff04c99
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:22dde24db2374eda9e46a5026ff04c992021-11-28T04:33:40ZModelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)2352-484710.1016/j.egyr.2021.04.054https://doaj.org/article/22dde24db2374eda9e46a5026ff04c992021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484721002729https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4847Current sustainability challenges place entire communities at the centre of the energy revolution, rather than individual buildings. The need to develop energy-efficient and low-carbon economies lies at the heart of fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. The potential of these networks is represented by a lower working temperature close to the ground temperature, usually between 10 and 25 °C. Thanks to this feature, the network presents optimal conditions to be used as a heat source for reversible heat pumps. 5GDHC networks provide users with a fundamental active role, giving the possibility of extracting and releasing energy into the thermal network, while producing heating and cooling simultaneously. The integration of renewable sources and reduced heat losses are added values to be taken into consideration. Given the limited application of 5GDHC networks, this paper aims to evaluate the energy advantages of coupling several users within a bidirectional fifth-generation network based on the integration of reversible heat pumps with on-site production by renewable sources and waste energy recovery. An integrated model of 5GDHC network with buildings was developed in order to meet the energy needs of a neighbourhood made up of users with different energy profiles throughout a whole year. To enhance future applications, the energy performance of the 5GDHC network model was studied through a simulation tool. An hourly numerical calculation tool was developed to simulate the behaviour of the network and the users’ response over an annual period, estimating the energy shared between users during both the heating and cooling seasons. The results obtained are presented not only in terms of energy exchanged in the network, but also in the form of performance indexes of the individual users, identifying advantageous combinations between the users for future design developments of these systems. The outcomes of this paper highlight the integration of established technologies into fifth-generation thermal networks, with a view to a future development of nearly Zero Energy Districts (nZED).Matteo BilardoFederico SandroneGuido ZanzotteraEnrico FabrizioElsevierarticleFifth district heating and coolingLow-enthalpy thermal network5GDHCSmart thermal gridSimulation-aided designDistrict network modellingElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENEnergy Reports, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 8390-8405 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Fifth district heating and cooling Low-enthalpy thermal network 5GDHC Smart thermal grid Simulation-aided design District network modelling Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971
spellingShingle	Fifth district heating and cooling Low-enthalpy thermal network 5GDHC Smart thermal grid Simulation-aided design District network modelling Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Matteo Bilardo Federico Sandrone Guido Zanzottera Enrico Fabrizio Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
description	Current sustainability challenges place entire communities at the centre of the energy revolution, rather than individual buildings. The need to develop energy-efficient and low-carbon economies lies at the heart of fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. The potential of these networks is represented by a lower working temperature close to the ground temperature, usually between 10 and 25 °C. Thanks to this feature, the network presents optimal conditions to be used as a heat source for reversible heat pumps. 5GDHC networks provide users with a fundamental active role, giving the possibility of extracting and releasing energy into the thermal network, while producing heating and cooling simultaneously. The integration of renewable sources and reduced heat losses are added values to be taken into consideration. Given the limited application of 5GDHC networks, this paper aims to evaluate the energy advantages of coupling several users within a bidirectional fifth-generation network based on the integration of reversible heat pumps with on-site production by renewable sources and waste energy recovery. An integrated model of 5GDHC network with buildings was developed in order to meet the energy needs of a neighbourhood made up of users with different energy profiles throughout a whole year. To enhance future applications, the energy performance of the 5GDHC network model was studied through a simulation tool. An hourly numerical calculation tool was developed to simulate the behaviour of the network and the users’ response over an annual period, estimating the energy shared between users during both the heating and cooling seasons. The results obtained are presented not only in terms of energy exchanged in the network, but also in the form of performance indexes of the individual users, identifying advantageous combinations between the users for future design developments of these systems. The outcomes of this paper highlight the integration of established technologies into fifth-generation thermal networks, with a view to a future development of nearly Zero Energy Districts (nZED).
format	article
author	Matteo Bilardo Federico Sandrone Guido Zanzottera Enrico Fabrizio
author_facet	Matteo Bilardo Federico Sandrone Guido Zanzottera Enrico Fabrizio
author_sort	Matteo Bilardo
title	Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
title_short	Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
title_full	Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
title_fullStr	Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
title_full_unstemmed	Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)
title_sort	modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5gdhc) network for nearly zero energy district (nzed)
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/22dde24db2374eda9e46a5026ff04c99
work_keys_str_mv	AT matteobilardo modellingafifthgenerationbidirectionallowtemperaturedistrictheatingandcooling5gdhcnetworkfornearlyzeroenergydistrictnzed AT federicosandrone modellingafifthgenerationbidirectionallowtemperaturedistrictheatingandcooling5gdhcnetworkfornearlyzeroenergydistrictnzed AT guidozanzottera modellingafifthgenerationbidirectionallowtemperaturedistrictheatingandcooling5gdhcnetworkfornearlyzeroenergydistrictnzed AT enricofabrizio modellingafifthgenerationbidirectionallowtemperaturedistrictheatingandcooling5gdhcnetworkfornearlyzeroenergydistrictnzed
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Modelling a fifth-generation bidirectional low temperature district heating and cooling (5GDHC) network for nearly Zero Energy District (nZED)

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