Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021

Human astroviruses are considered acute gastroenteritis agents (AGE) and are largely reported in children worldwide. There are limited data on astrovirus prevalence in rural communities, especially in hospitalized and asymptomatic cases. This study was a cross-sectional survey aiming to investigate...

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Autores principales:	Ronewa Khumela, Jean Pierre Kabue, Afsatou Ndama Traore, Natasha Potgieter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	human astrovirus gastroenteritis diarrhoea symptomatic infection asymptomatic infection hospitalized cases Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/22f35968b0524579833371f0036bc3b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:22f35968b0524579833371f0036bc3b12021-11-25T18:37:55ZHuman Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–202110.3390/pathogens101113982076-0817https://doaj.org/article/22f35968b0524579833371f0036bc3b12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1398https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817Human astroviruses are considered acute gastroenteritis agents (AGE) and are largely reported in children worldwide. There are limited data on astrovirus prevalence in rural communities, especially in hospitalized and asymptomatic cases. This study was a cross-sectional survey aiming to investigate the prevalence of classic human astroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and hospitalized and outpatient children in rural communities of the Vhembe District, South Africa. A total of 236 stool samples (166 symptomatic and 70 asymptomatic) were collected from young children under 5 years of age. Real-time RT-PCR for astrovirus detection, RT-PCR amplification of capsid and polymerase partial genes as well as Sanger sequencing were performed. The classic astrovirus prevalence in symptomatic patients (7.23%, 12/166) as compared to healthy controls (4.29%, 3/70) was not statistically different (t-value: 1.782, <i>p</i> = 0.141: 95% CI). We did not observe a significant difference of classic astrovirus prevalence rate between the hospitalized group (6.52%, 3/46) and outpatient group (7.5%, 9/120). Symptomatic children below 6 months old were the most affected group (18.18%, 6/33). This study characterized human astrovirus genotype 2 and a putative recombinant strain (polymerase genotype 1/capsid genotype 2). Phylogenetic analysis revealed these genotypes are closely related to the strains circulating elsewhere within the African continent. The findings suggest that astrovirus is a common enteric pathogen in the study area. The results highlight the exposure of children and the need to monitor astroviruses for their potential impact in diarrhoeal diseases.Ronewa KhumelaJean Pierre KabueAfsatou Ndama TraoreNatasha PotgieterMDPI AGarticlehuman astrovirusgastroenteritisdiarrhoeasymptomatic infectionasymptomatic infectionhospitalized casesMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1398, p 1398 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human astrovirus gastroenteritis diarrhoea symptomatic infection asymptomatic infection hospitalized cases Medicine R
spellingShingle	human astrovirus gastroenteritis diarrhoea symptomatic infection asymptomatic infection hospitalized cases Medicine R Ronewa Khumela Jean Pierre Kabue Afsatou Ndama Traore Natasha Potgieter Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
description	Human astroviruses are considered acute gastroenteritis agents (AGE) and are largely reported in children worldwide. There are limited data on astrovirus prevalence in rural communities, especially in hospitalized and asymptomatic cases. This study was a cross-sectional survey aiming to investigate the prevalence of classic human astroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and hospitalized and outpatient children in rural communities of the Vhembe District, South Africa. A total of 236 stool samples (166 symptomatic and 70 asymptomatic) were collected from young children under 5 years of age. Real-time RT-PCR for astrovirus detection, RT-PCR amplification of capsid and polymerase partial genes as well as Sanger sequencing were performed. The classic astrovirus prevalence in symptomatic patients (7.23%, 12/166) as compared to healthy controls (4.29%, 3/70) was not statistically different (t-value: 1.782, <i>p</i> = 0.141: 95% CI). We did not observe a significant difference of classic astrovirus prevalence rate between the hospitalized group (6.52%, 3/46) and outpatient group (7.5%, 9/120). Symptomatic children below 6 months old were the most affected group (18.18%, 6/33). This study characterized human astrovirus genotype 2 and a putative recombinant strain (polymerase genotype 1/capsid genotype 2). Phylogenetic analysis revealed these genotypes are closely related to the strains circulating elsewhere within the African continent. The findings suggest that astrovirus is a common enteric pathogen in the study area. The results highlight the exposure of children and the need to monitor astroviruses for their potential impact in diarrhoeal diseases.
format	article
author	Ronewa Khumela Jean Pierre Kabue Afsatou Ndama Traore Natasha Potgieter
author_facet	Ronewa Khumela Jean Pierre Kabue Afsatou Ndama Traore Natasha Potgieter
author_sort	Ronewa Khumela
title	Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
title_short	Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
title_full	Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
title_fullStr	Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
title_full_unstemmed	Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021
title_sort	human astrovirus in symptomatic and asymptomatic children: a cross-sectional study on hospitalized and outpatients from rural communities of south africa between 2017–2021
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/22f35968b0524579833371f0036bc3b1
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Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017–2021

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