Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users
BackgroundWomen who use oral contraceptives (OCs) may have a higher risk of developing a depression, which is associated with both vulnerability to stress and cognitive dysfunction. OCs disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by suppressing endogenous sex steroid production including e...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/22fc2b4411b04c7fb350ab074ecdd0ab |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| id |
oai:doaj.org-article:22fc2b4411b04c7fb350ab074ecdd0ab |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:22fc2b4411b04c7fb350ab074ecdd0ab2021-11-08T07:00:42ZStress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users1664-239210.3389/fendo.2021.731994https://doaj.org/article/22fc2b4411b04c7fb350ab074ecdd0ab2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.731994/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-2392BackgroundWomen who use oral contraceptives (OCs) may have a higher risk of developing a depression, which is associated with both vulnerability to stress and cognitive dysfunction. OCs disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by suppressing endogenous sex steroid production including estradiol. The HPG axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are known to interact, possibly through modulations driven by estradiol. OCs may affect HPA regulation capacity, i.e., disturb cortisol dynamics such as the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and influence cognition such as working memory (WM). We hypothesize that OC use is associated with blunted cortisol dynamics and impaired WM performance relative to non-users.MethodsData from 78 healthy women in the reproductive age were available from the CIMBI database. We evaluated if CAR and WM differed between OC users (n=25) and non-users (n=53) and if the level of estradiol modulated the OC use effect on CAR or WM in generalized least square models.ResultsWe found that OC users had a blunted CAR (p= 0.006) corresponding to a 61% reduction relative to non-users; however, no estradiol-BY-OC use interaction effect was observed on CAR. Also, OC users had higher cortisol levels at awakening compared to non-users (p = 0.03). We observed no effect of OC use or an estradiol-BY-OC use interaction effect on WM. Also, within the OC user group, neither CAR nor WM was associated with suppressed estradiol. CAR was not associated with WM.ConclusionHealthy women who use OCs have blunted cortisol dynamics relative to non-users. However, we could not detect OC use effects on working memory in our sample size. We speculate that disrupted cortisol dynamics may be important for the emergence of depressive symptoms in OC users.Emma Sofie HøgstedCamilla BorgstedCamilla BorgstedCamilla BorgstedVibeke H. DamArafat NasserNiklas Rye JørgensenBrice OzenneBrice OzenneDea Siggaard StenbækDea Siggaard StenbækVibe G. FrokjaerVibe G. FrokjaerVibe G. FrokjaerVibe G. FrokjaerFrontiers Media S.A.articlecortisoloral contraceptiveshormonal contraceptivesworking memoryestradioldepressionDiseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinologyRC648-665ENFrontiers in Endocrinology, Vol 12 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
cortisol oral contraceptives hormonal contraceptives working memory estradiol depression Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 |
| spellingShingle |
cortisol oral contraceptives hormonal contraceptives working memory estradiol depression Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology RC648-665 Emma Sofie Høgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Vibeke H. Dam Arafat Nasser Niklas Rye Jørgensen Brice Ozenne Brice Ozenne Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| description |
BackgroundWomen who use oral contraceptives (OCs) may have a higher risk of developing a depression, which is associated with both vulnerability to stress and cognitive dysfunction. OCs disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by suppressing endogenous sex steroid production including estradiol. The HPG axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are known to interact, possibly through modulations driven by estradiol. OCs may affect HPA regulation capacity, i.e., disturb cortisol dynamics such as the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and influence cognition such as working memory (WM). We hypothesize that OC use is associated with blunted cortisol dynamics and impaired WM performance relative to non-users.MethodsData from 78 healthy women in the reproductive age were available from the CIMBI database. We evaluated if CAR and WM differed between OC users (n=25) and non-users (n=53) and if the level of estradiol modulated the OC use effect on CAR or WM in generalized least square models.ResultsWe found that OC users had a blunted CAR (p= 0.006) corresponding to a 61% reduction relative to non-users; however, no estradiol-BY-OC use interaction effect was observed on CAR. Also, OC users had higher cortisol levels at awakening compared to non-users (p = 0.03). We observed no effect of OC use or an estradiol-BY-OC use interaction effect on WM. Also, within the OC user group, neither CAR nor WM was associated with suppressed estradiol. CAR was not associated with WM.ConclusionHealthy women who use OCs have blunted cortisol dynamics relative to non-users. However, we could not detect OC use effects on working memory in our sample size. We speculate that disrupted cortisol dynamics may be important for the emergence of depressive symptoms in OC users. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Emma Sofie Høgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Vibeke H. Dam Arafat Nasser Niklas Rye Jørgensen Brice Ozenne Brice Ozenne Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer |
| author_facet |
Emma Sofie Høgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Camilla Borgsted Vibeke H. Dam Arafat Nasser Niklas Rye Jørgensen Brice Ozenne Brice Ozenne Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Dea Siggaard Stenbæk Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer Vibe G. Frokjaer |
| author_sort |
Emma Sofie Høgsted |
| title |
Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| title_short |
Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| title_full |
Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| title_fullStr |
Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Stress-Hormone Dynamics and Working Memory in Healthy Women Who Use Oral Contraceptives Versus Non-Users |
| title_sort |
stress-hormone dynamics and working memory in healthy women who use oral contraceptives versus non-users |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/22fc2b4411b04c7fb350ab074ecdd0ab |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT emmasofiehøgsted stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT camillaborgsted stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT camillaborgsted stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT camillaborgsted stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT vibekehdam stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT arafatnasser stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT niklasryejørgensen stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT briceozenne stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT briceozenne stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT deasiggaardstenbæk stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT deasiggaardstenbæk stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT vibegfrokjaer stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT vibegfrokjaer stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT vibegfrokjaer stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers AT vibegfrokjaer stresshormonedynamicsandworkingmemoryinhealthywomenwhouseoralcontraceptivesversusnonusers |
| _version_ |
1718442885913772032 |