Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna

Abstract Nitrogenous compounds enter the environment through various anthropogenic sources. Among these are nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) which can oxidize the heme moiety of hemoglobin and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the molecule resulting in toxicity. Of the two anions, nitrite is...

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Autores principales:	Stephanie A. Eytcheson, Gerald A. LeBlanc
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/22fdb37965c245dcbf61303b2b143343
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:22fdb37965c245dcbf61303b2b1433432021-12-02T16:08:14ZHemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna10.1038/s41598-018-24087-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/22fdb37965c245dcbf61303b2b1433432018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24087-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nitrogenous compounds enter the environment through various anthropogenic sources. Among these are nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) which can oxidize the heme moiety of hemoglobin and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the molecule resulting in toxicity. Of the two anions, nitrite is more toxic. Hemoglobin levels are influenced by environmental conditions; thus, we hypothesized that hemoglobin levels would influence the toxicity of nitrite with low hemoglobin levels resulting in enhanced toxicity and high hemoglobin levels resulting in reduced toxicity. We tested this hypothesis by elevating hemoglobin levels with pyriproxyfen treatment and lowering hemoglobin levels using siRNA in Daphnia magna. Exposure to pyriproxyfen significantly elevated hemoglobin mRNA levels and induced copper coloration of the organisms, indicative of increased hemoglobin protein accumulation. siRNA treatment significantly reduced hemoglobin mRNA levels in both untreated and pyriproxyfen-treated organisms and attenuated copper coloration. Pyriproxyfen treatment increased the tolerance of daphnids to the acute toxicity of nitrite approximately 2-fold while siRNA treatment significantly decreased the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity. Results indicate that increased hemoglobin levels increase the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity which may serve to protect daphnids in environments subject to hemoglobin-elevating hypoxia or elevated temperatures.Stephanie A. EytchesonGerald A. LeBlancNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stephanie A. Eytcheson Gerald A. LeBlanc Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
description	Abstract Nitrogenous compounds enter the environment through various anthropogenic sources. Among these are nitrate (NO3 −) and nitrite (NO2 −) which can oxidize the heme moiety of hemoglobin and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the molecule resulting in toxicity. Of the two anions, nitrite is more toxic. Hemoglobin levels are influenced by environmental conditions; thus, we hypothesized that hemoglobin levels would influence the toxicity of nitrite with low hemoglobin levels resulting in enhanced toxicity and high hemoglobin levels resulting in reduced toxicity. We tested this hypothesis by elevating hemoglobin levels with pyriproxyfen treatment and lowering hemoglobin levels using siRNA in Daphnia magna. Exposure to pyriproxyfen significantly elevated hemoglobin mRNA levels and induced copper coloration of the organisms, indicative of increased hemoglobin protein accumulation. siRNA treatment significantly reduced hemoglobin mRNA levels in both untreated and pyriproxyfen-treated organisms and attenuated copper coloration. Pyriproxyfen treatment increased the tolerance of daphnids to the acute toxicity of nitrite approximately 2-fold while siRNA treatment significantly decreased the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity. Results indicate that increased hemoglobin levels increase the tolerance of daphnids to nitrite toxicity which may serve to protect daphnids in environments subject to hemoglobin-elevating hypoxia or elevated temperatures.
format	article
author	Stephanie A. Eytcheson Gerald A. LeBlanc
author_facet	Stephanie A. Eytcheson Gerald A. LeBlanc
author_sort	Stephanie A. Eytcheson
title	Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
title_short	Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
title_full	Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
title_fullStr	Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
title_full_unstemmed	Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna
title_sort	hemoglobin levels modulate nitrite toxicity to daphnia magna
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/22fdb37965c245dcbf61303b2b143343
work_keys_str_mv	AT stephanieaeytcheson hemoglobinlevelsmodulatenitritetoxicitytodaphniamagna AT geraldaleblanc hemoglobinlevelsmodulatenitritetoxicitytodaphniamagna
_version_	1718384517065998336

Hemoglobin Levels Modulate Nitrite Toxicity to Daphnia magna

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