Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.

Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids) are known allelochemicals that affect the seed germination and root growth of many plant species. Recent studies have indicated that the reduction of root growth by these allelochemicals is associated wit...

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Autores principales:	Rogério Barbosa Lima, Victor Hugo Salvador, Wanderley Dantas dos Santos, Gisele Adriana Bubna, Aline Finger-Teixeira, Anderson Ricardo Soares, Rogério Marchiosi, Maria de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese, Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2304fb77a3da49799bdb44f705e9a643
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2304fb77a3da49799bdb44f705e9a6432021-11-18T08:43:49ZEnhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0080542https://doaj.org/article/2304fb77a3da49799bdb44f705e9a6432013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24312480/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids) are known allelochemicals that affect the seed germination and root growth of many plant species. Recent studies have indicated that the reduction of root growth by these allelochemicals is associated with premature cell wall lignification. We hypothesized that an influx of these compounds into the phenylpropanoid pathway increases the lignin monomer content and reduces the root growth. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids on soybean root growth, lignin and the composition of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomers. To this end, three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution with or without allelochemical (or selective enzymatic inhibitors of the phenylpropanoid pathway) in a growth chamber for 24 h. In general, the results showed that 1) cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids reduced root growth and increased lignin content; 2) cinnamic and p-coumaric acids increased p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer content, whereas p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids increased guaiacyl (G) content, and sinapic acid increased sinapyl (S) content; 3) when applied in conjunction with piperonylic acid (PIP, an inhibitor of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H), cinnamic acid reduced H, G and S contents; and 4) when applied in conjunction with 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (MDCA, an inhibitor of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL), p-coumaric acid reduced H, G and S contents, whereas caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids reduced G and S contents. These results confirm our hypothesis that exogenously applied allelochemicals are channeled into the phenylpropanoid pathway causing excessive production of lignin and its main monomers. By consequence, an enhanced stiffening of the cell wall restricts soybean root growth.Rogério Barbosa LimaVictor Hugo SalvadorWanderley Dantas dos SantosGisele Adriana BubnaAline Finger-TeixeiraAnderson Ricardo SoaresRogério MarchiosiMaria de Lourdes Lucio FerrareseOsvaldo Ferrarese-FilhoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e80542 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rogério Barbosa Lima Victor Hugo Salvador Wanderley Dantas dos Santos Gisele Adriana Bubna Aline Finger-Teixeira Anderson Ricardo Soares Rogério Marchiosi Maria de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
description	Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids) are known allelochemicals that affect the seed germination and root growth of many plant species. Recent studies have indicated that the reduction of root growth by these allelochemicals is associated with premature cell wall lignification. We hypothesized that an influx of these compounds into the phenylpropanoid pathway increases the lignin monomer content and reduces the root growth. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids on soybean root growth, lignin and the composition of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomers. To this end, three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution with or without allelochemical (or selective enzymatic inhibitors of the phenylpropanoid pathway) in a growth chamber for 24 h. In general, the results showed that 1) cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids reduced root growth and increased lignin content; 2) cinnamic and p-coumaric acids increased p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer content, whereas p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids increased guaiacyl (G) content, and sinapic acid increased sinapyl (S) content; 3) when applied in conjunction with piperonylic acid (PIP, an inhibitor of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H), cinnamic acid reduced H, G and S contents; and 4) when applied in conjunction with 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (MDCA, an inhibitor of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL), p-coumaric acid reduced H, G and S contents, whereas caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids reduced G and S contents. These results confirm our hypothesis that exogenously applied allelochemicals are channeled into the phenylpropanoid pathway causing excessive production of lignin and its main monomers. By consequence, an enhanced stiffening of the cell wall restricts soybean root growth.
format	article
author	Rogério Barbosa Lima Victor Hugo Salvador Wanderley Dantas dos Santos Gisele Adriana Bubna Aline Finger-Teixeira Anderson Ricardo Soares Rogério Marchiosi Maria de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
author_facet	Rogério Barbosa Lima Victor Hugo Salvador Wanderley Dantas dos Santos Gisele Adriana Bubna Aline Finger-Teixeira Anderson Ricardo Soares Rogério Marchiosi Maria de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
author_sort	Rogério Barbosa Lima
title	Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
title_short	Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
title_full	Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
title_fullStr	Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
title_sort	enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/2304fb77a3da49799bdb44f705e9a643
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Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.

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