Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Background: The relationship between obesity, arterial hypertension, and excessive salt intake has been known for a long time; however, the mechanism of this relationship remains not clear. Methods: The paper presents a current literature review on the relationship between salt consumption and the d...

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Autores principales:	Małgorzata Wójcik, Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	obesity hypertension salt sodium children Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2312a6fa307e4bfbaa50268d2e5c0ade
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2312a6fa307e4bfbaa50268d2e5c0ade2021-11-25T18:36:15ZObesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents10.3390/nu131140322072-6643https://doaj.org/article/2312a6fa307e4bfbaa50268d2e5c0ade2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4032https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Background: The relationship between obesity, arterial hypertension, and excessive salt intake has been known for a long time; however, the mechanism of this relationship remains not clear. Methods: The paper presents a current literature review on the relationship between salt consumption and the development of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents with obesity. Results: In addition to the traditional theory of hypertension development due to the increase in intravascular volume and disturbances of sodium excretion, recent studies indicate the existence of a complex mechanism related to excessive, pathological secretory activity of adipocytes, insulin resistance, and impaired function of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis. That makes obese children and adolescents particularly vulnerable to the development of salt-sensitive arterial hypertension. Studies performed in many countries have shown that children and adolescents consume more sodium than recommended. It is worth noting, however, that the basis for these recommendations was the extrapolation of data from studies conducted on adults. Moreover, more important than sodium intake is the Na/K ratio and water consumption. Conclusion: Regardless of the population-wide recommendations on reducing salt intake in children, specific recommendations for overweight and obese patients should be developed.Małgorzata WójcikAgnieszka Kozioł-KozakowskaMDPI AGarticleobesityhypertensionsaltsodiumchildrenNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4032, p 4032 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	obesity hypertension salt sodium children Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	obesity hypertension salt sodium children Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Małgorzata Wójcik Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
description	Background: The relationship between obesity, arterial hypertension, and excessive salt intake has been known for a long time; however, the mechanism of this relationship remains not clear. Methods: The paper presents a current literature review on the relationship between salt consumption and the development of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents with obesity. Results: In addition to the traditional theory of hypertension development due to the increase in intravascular volume and disturbances of sodium excretion, recent studies indicate the existence of a complex mechanism related to excessive, pathological secretory activity of adipocytes, insulin resistance, and impaired function of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis. That makes obese children and adolescents particularly vulnerable to the development of salt-sensitive arterial hypertension. Studies performed in many countries have shown that children and adolescents consume more sodium than recommended. It is worth noting, however, that the basis for these recommendations was the extrapolation of data from studies conducted on adults. Moreover, more important than sodium intake is the Na/K ratio and water consumption. Conclusion: Regardless of the population-wide recommendations on reducing salt intake in children, specific recommendations for overweight and obese patients should be developed.
format	article
author	Małgorzata Wójcik Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
author_facet	Małgorzata Wójcik Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
author_sort	Małgorzata Wójcik
title	Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
title_short	Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
title_full	Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
title_fullStr	Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
title_full_unstemmed	Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
title_sort	obesity, sodium homeostasis, and arterial hypertension in children and adolescents
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2312a6fa307e4bfbaa50268d2e5c0ade
work_keys_str_mv	AT małgorzatawojcik obesitysodiumhomeostasisandarterialhypertensioninchildrenandadolescents AT agnieszkakoziołkozakowska obesitysodiumhomeostasisandarterialhypertensioninchildrenandadolescents
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Obesity, Sodium Homeostasis, and Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

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