Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings

It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working...

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Autores principales:	Cristina Rossi, Ryan T. Roemmich, Nicolas Schweighofer, Amy J. Bastian, Kristan A. Leech
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	adaptation savings cognition dual-task aging Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2314d95537c2480b9bb08e798a0ff6e7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2314d95537c2480b9bb08e798a0ff6e72021-12-01T08:20:24ZYounger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings1663-436510.3389/fnagi.2021.729284https://doaj.org/article/2314d95537c2480b9bb08e798a0ff6e72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.729284/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-4365It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working memory task during locomotor adaptation. We also asked if this interferes with savings of a newly learned walking pattern, as has been suggested by a study of reaching adaptation. We studied split-belt treadmill adaptation and savings in young (21 ± 2 y/o) and late middle-aged (56 ± 6 y/o) adults with or without a secondary 2-back task during adaptation. We found that young adults showed similar performance on the 2-back task during baseline and adaptation, suggesting no effect of the dual-task on cognitive performance; however, dual-tasking interfered with adaptation over the first few steps. Conversely, dual-tasking caused a decrement in cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults with no effect on adaptation. To determine if this effect was specific to adaptation, we also evaluated dual-task interference in late middle-aged adults that dual-tasked while walking in a complex environment that did not induce motor adaptation. This group exhibited less cognitive-motor interference than late middle-aged adults who dual-tasked during adaptation. Savings was unaffected by dual-tasking in both young and late middle-aged adults, which may indicate different underlying mechanisms for savings of reaching and walking. Collectively, our findings reveal an age-dependent effect of cognitive-motor interference during dual-task locomotor adaptation and no effect of dual-tasking on savings, regardless of age. Young adults maintain cognitive performance and show a mild decrement in locomotor adaptation, while late middle-aged adults adapt locomotion at the expense of cognitive performance.Cristina RossiCristina RossiRyan T. RoemmichRyan T. RoemmichNicolas SchweighoferAmy J. BastianAmy J. BastianKristan A. LeechKristan A. LeechFrontiers Media S.A.articleadaptationsavingscognitiondual-taskagingNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Vol 13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adaptation savings cognition dual-task aging Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	adaptation savings cognition dual-task aging Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Cristina Rossi Cristina Rossi Ryan T. Roemmich Ryan T. Roemmich Nicolas Schweighofer Amy J. Bastian Amy J. Bastian Kristan A. Leech Kristan A. Leech Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
description	It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working memory task during locomotor adaptation. We also asked if this interferes with savings of a newly learned walking pattern, as has been suggested by a study of reaching adaptation. We studied split-belt treadmill adaptation and savings in young (21 ± 2 y/o) and late middle-aged (56 ± 6 y/o) adults with or without a secondary 2-back task during adaptation. We found that young adults showed similar performance on the 2-back task during baseline and adaptation, suggesting no effect of the dual-task on cognitive performance; however, dual-tasking interfered with adaptation over the first few steps. Conversely, dual-tasking caused a decrement in cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults with no effect on adaptation. To determine if this effect was specific to adaptation, we also evaluated dual-task interference in late middle-aged adults that dual-tasked while walking in a complex environment that did not induce motor adaptation. This group exhibited less cognitive-motor interference than late middle-aged adults who dual-tasked during adaptation. Savings was unaffected by dual-tasking in both young and late middle-aged adults, which may indicate different underlying mechanisms for savings of reaching and walking. Collectively, our findings reveal an age-dependent effect of cognitive-motor interference during dual-task locomotor adaptation and no effect of dual-tasking on savings, regardless of age. Young adults maintain cognitive performance and show a mild decrement in locomotor adaptation, while late middle-aged adults adapt locomotion at the expense of cognitive performance.
format	article
author	Cristina Rossi Cristina Rossi Ryan T. Roemmich Ryan T. Roemmich Nicolas Schweighofer Amy J. Bastian Amy J. Bastian Kristan A. Leech Kristan A. Leech
author_facet	Cristina Rossi Cristina Rossi Ryan T. Roemmich Ryan T. Roemmich Nicolas Schweighofer Amy J. Bastian Amy J. Bastian Kristan A. Leech Kristan A. Leech
author_sort	Cristina Rossi
title	Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
title_short	Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
title_full	Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
title_fullStr	Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
title_full_unstemmed	Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings
title_sort	younger and late middle-aged adults exhibit different patterns of cognitive-motor interference during locomotor adaptation, with no disruption of savings
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2314d95537c2480b9bb08e798a0ff6e7
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Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings

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