Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants

Environmental pollution and its eco-toxicological impacts have become a large and interesting concern worldwide as a result of fast urbanization, population expansion, sewage discharge, and heavy industrial development. Nine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co) were evaluated in 20...

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Autores principales:	Yasser A. El-Amier, Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa, Ashraf Elsayed, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Mohammad S. AL-Harbi, Bassem N. Samra, Wafaa K. Kotb
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i> <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i> phytoremediation heavy metals environmental pollution estuaries Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/231745fff7c84cd8b068bf772e6d18db
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:231745fff7c84cd8b068bf772e6d18db2021-11-11T19:48:56ZAssessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants10.3390/su1321122442071-1050https://doaj.org/article/231745fff7c84cd8b068bf772e6d18db2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12244https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Environmental pollution and its eco-toxicological impacts have become a large and interesting concern worldwide as a result of fast urbanization, population expansion, sewage discharge, and heavy industrial development. Nine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co) were evaluated in 20 sediment samples from the estuaries of four major drains along the Mediterranean shoreline (Nile Delta coast) to determine the possible ecological effect of high heavy metal concentrations as well as roots and shoots of two common macrophytes (<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i> and <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i>). For sediment, single- and multi-elemental standard indices were used to measure ecological risk. Data revealed high contents of heavy metals, for which the mean values of heavy metals in sediment followed a direction of Fe > Mn > Co > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd, Fe > Mn > Co > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd and Fe > Mn > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd for drains stream, estuaries, and Mediterranean coast, respectively. Mn, Cr, Zn, and Pb were found to be within Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (CSQGD) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines (US-EPA) limitations, except for Zn and Pb in drain streams, which were above the US-EPA limits, whereas Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni indicated a high ecological risk index. This high quantity of contaminants might be linked to unabated manufacturing operations, which can bio-accumulate in food systems and create significant health issues in people. <i>C. alopecuroides</i> root demonstrated a more efficient accumulation of all metals than the shoot system. For most heavy metals, <i>C. alopecuroides</i> had the highest root BAF levels with the exception of Ni and Pb in <i>P. salicifolia</i>. As a result, <i>C. alopecuroides</i> might be employed as a possible phytoextractor of these dangerous metals, while <i>P. salicifolia</i> could be used as a hyper-accumulator of Ni and Pb. The policymaker must consider strict rules and restrictions against uncontrolled industrial operations, particularly in the Nile Delta near water streams.Yasser A. El-AmierArmel Zacharie Ekoa BessaAshraf ElsayedMohamed A. El-EsawiMohammad S. AL-HarbiBassem N. SamraWafaa K. KotbMDPI AGarticle<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i><i>Persicaria salicifolia</i>phytoremediationheavy metalsenvironmental pollutionestuariesEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12244, p 12244 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i> <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i> phytoremediation heavy metals environmental pollution estuaries Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i> <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i> phytoremediation heavy metals environmental pollution estuaries Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Yasser A. El-Amier Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed A. El-Esawi Mohammad S. AL-Harbi Bassem N. Samra Wafaa K. Kotb Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
description	Environmental pollution and its eco-toxicological impacts have become a large and interesting concern worldwide as a result of fast urbanization, population expansion, sewage discharge, and heavy industrial development. Nine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co) were evaluated in 20 sediment samples from the estuaries of four major drains along the Mediterranean shoreline (Nile Delta coast) to determine the possible ecological effect of high heavy metal concentrations as well as roots and shoots of two common macrophytes (<i>Cyperus alopecuroides</i> and <i>Persicaria salicifolia</i>). For sediment, single- and multi-elemental standard indices were used to measure ecological risk. Data revealed high contents of heavy metals, for which the mean values of heavy metals in sediment followed a direction of Fe > Mn > Co > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd, Fe > Mn > Co > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd and Fe > Mn > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd for drains stream, estuaries, and Mediterranean coast, respectively. Mn, Cr, Zn, and Pb were found to be within Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (CSQGD) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines (US-EPA) limitations, except for Zn and Pb in drain streams, which were above the US-EPA limits, whereas Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni indicated a high ecological risk index. This high quantity of contaminants might be linked to unabated manufacturing operations, which can bio-accumulate in food systems and create significant health issues in people. <i>C. alopecuroides</i> root demonstrated a more efficient accumulation of all metals than the shoot system. For most heavy metals, <i>C. alopecuroides</i> had the highest root BAF levels with the exception of Ni and Pb in <i>P. salicifolia</i>. As a result, <i>C. alopecuroides</i> might be employed as a possible phytoextractor of these dangerous metals, while <i>P. salicifolia</i> could be used as a hyper-accumulator of Ni and Pb. The policymaker must consider strict rules and restrictions against uncontrolled industrial operations, particularly in the Nile Delta near water streams.
format	article
author	Yasser A. El-Amier Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed A. El-Esawi Mohammad S. AL-Harbi Bassem N. Samra Wafaa K. Kotb
author_facet	Yasser A. El-Amier Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa Ashraf Elsayed Mohamed A. El-Esawi Mohammad S. AL-Harbi Bassem N. Samra Wafaa K. Kotb
author_sort	Yasser A. El-Amier
title	Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
title_short	Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
title_full	Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
title_fullStr	Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants
title_sort	assessment of the heavy metals pollution and ecological risk in sediments of mediterranean sea drain estuaries in egypt and phytoremediation potential of two emergent plants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/231745fff7c84cd8b068bf772e6d18db
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Assessment of the Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk in Sediments of Mediterranean Sea Drain Estuaries in Egypt and Phytoremediation Potential of Two Emergent Plants

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