In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles are researched intensively not only for biomedical applications, but also for industrial applications including wastewater treatment and catalytic processes. Although these particles have been shown to have interesting surface properties in their bare form, their magnetisation...

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Autores principales:	Yanzhe Wen, Dai Jiang, Asterios Gavriilidis, Maximilian O. Besenhard
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	magnetic separation continuous separation magnetic nanoparticles Lagrangian particle tracking design optimisation millifluidics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2364c536fd8148ef99edd488aae338ca
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2364c536fd8148ef99edd488aae338ca2021-11-11T18:09:47ZIn-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles10.3390/ma142166351996-1944https://doaj.org/article/2364c536fd8148ef99edd488aae338ca2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6635https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Magnetic nanoparticles are researched intensively not only for biomedical applications, but also for industrial applications including wastewater treatment and catalytic processes. Although these particles have been shown to have interesting surface properties in their bare form, their magnetisation remains a key feature, as it allows for magnetic separation. This makes them a promising carrier for precious materials and enables recovery via magnetic fields that can be turned on and off on demand, rather than using complex (nano)filtration strategies. However, designing a magnetic separator is by no means trivial, as the magnetic field and its gradient, the separator dimensions, the particle properties (such as size and susceptibility), and the throughput must be coordinated. This is showcased here for a simple continuous electromagnetic separator design requiring no expensive materials or equipment and facilitating continuous operation. The continuous electromagnetic separator chosen was based on a current-carrying wire in the centre of a capillary, which generated a radially symmetric magnetic field that could be described using cylindrical coordinates. The electromagnetic separator design was tested in-silico using a Lagrangian particle-tracking model accounting for hydrodynamics, magnetophoresis, as well as particle diffusion. This computational approach enabled the determination of separation efficiencies for varying particle sizes, magnetic field strengths, separator geometries, and flow rates, which provided insights into the complex interplay between these design parameters. In addition, the model identified the separator design allowing for the highest separation efficiency and determined the retention potential in both single and multiple separators in series. The work demonstrated that throughputs of ~1/4 L/h could be achieved for 250–500 nm iron oxide nanoparticle solutions, using less than 10 separator units in series.Yanzhe WenDai JiangAsterios GavriilidisMaximilian O. BesenhardMDPI AGarticlemagnetic separationcontinuous separationmagnetic nanoparticlesLagrangian particle trackingdesign optimisationmillifluidicsTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6635, p 6635 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	magnetic separation continuous separation magnetic nanoparticles Lagrangian particle tracking design optimisation millifluidics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	magnetic separation continuous separation magnetic nanoparticles Lagrangian particle tracking design optimisation millifluidics Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Yanzhe Wen Dai Jiang Asterios Gavriilidis Maximilian O. Besenhard In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
description	Magnetic nanoparticles are researched intensively not only for biomedical applications, but also for industrial applications including wastewater treatment and catalytic processes. Although these particles have been shown to have interesting surface properties in their bare form, their magnetisation remains a key feature, as it allows for magnetic separation. This makes them a promising carrier for precious materials and enables recovery via magnetic fields that can be turned on and off on demand, rather than using complex (nano)filtration strategies. However, designing a magnetic separator is by no means trivial, as the magnetic field and its gradient, the separator dimensions, the particle properties (such as size and susceptibility), and the throughput must be coordinated. This is showcased here for a simple continuous electromagnetic separator design requiring no expensive materials or equipment and facilitating continuous operation. The continuous electromagnetic separator chosen was based on a current-carrying wire in the centre of a capillary, which generated a radially symmetric magnetic field that could be described using cylindrical coordinates. The electromagnetic separator design was tested in-silico using a Lagrangian particle-tracking model accounting for hydrodynamics, magnetophoresis, as well as particle diffusion. This computational approach enabled the determination of separation efficiencies for varying particle sizes, magnetic field strengths, separator geometries, and flow rates, which provided insights into the complex interplay between these design parameters. In addition, the model identified the separator design allowing for the highest separation efficiency and determined the retention potential in both single and multiple separators in series. The work demonstrated that throughputs of ~1/4 L/h could be achieved for 250–500 nm iron oxide nanoparticle solutions, using less than 10 separator units in series.
format	article
author	Yanzhe Wen Dai Jiang Asterios Gavriilidis Maximilian O. Besenhard
author_facet	Yanzhe Wen Dai Jiang Asterios Gavriilidis Maximilian O. Besenhard
author_sort	Yanzhe Wen
title	In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
title_short	In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
title_full	In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
title_fullStr	In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles
title_sort	in-silico conceptualisation of continuous millifluidic separators for magnetic nanoparticles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/2364c536fd8148ef99edd488aae338ca
work_keys_str_mv	AT yanzhewen insilicoconceptualisationofcontinuousmillifluidicseparatorsformagneticnanoparticles AT daijiang insilicoconceptualisationofcontinuousmillifluidicseparatorsformagneticnanoparticles AT asteriosgavriilidis insilicoconceptualisationofcontinuousmillifluidicseparatorsformagneticnanoparticles AT maximilianobesenhard insilicoconceptualisationofcontinuousmillifluidicseparatorsformagneticnanoparticles
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In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles

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