The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)

For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespre...

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Autores principales:	Umberto Molini, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Maria Yvonne Hemberger, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Franzo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PCV-2c Namibia oryxes epidemiology molecular epidemiology Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/23a01d76664848dbb0cd692c75bea1af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:23a01d76664848dbb0cd692c75bea1af2021-11-25T18:37:57ZThe Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)10.3390/pathogens101114022076-0817https://doaj.org/article/23a01d76664848dbb0cd692c75bea1af2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1402https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespread vaccination administration has largely reduced the impact of this infection and represents the most effective control measure. The efficacy of vaccination is threatened by the emergence of novel (or uncommon) PCV-2 genotypes. In addition to domestic pigs, PCV-2 has been detected in several other species, a fact which could have an impact on new variant emergence and maintenance. Considering this, the present study assessed the distribution of the minor PCV-2c genotype in non-Suidae ungulates in Namibia. Red hartebeests (<i>Alcelaphus buselaphus caama</i>) (n = 44), kudus (<i>Tragelaphus strepsiceros</i>) (n = 10) and oryxes (<i>Oryx gazella</i>) (n = 54), whose mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled after slaughtering during the period 2019–2021, were included in the study. Two oryxes (3.7%; 95% CI = 0.45–12.75%) were PCV-2-positive by PCR. Complete genome sequence was obtained for the two samples identifying them as PCV-2c genotype. The sequences were identical and shared a high percentage of identity (~99.9%) with those recently obtained from warthogs living in the same area. The present study confirms the presence of the PCV-2c genotype (previously considered extinct) in Namibian wild animal populations and demonstrates greater than expected PCV-2 host plasticity. Because of the role these niches can have in the maintenance and evolution of minor PCV-2 genotypes, more extensive and dedicated studies should be performed to prepare authorities to promptly react to potential emerging threats from these viruses.Umberto MoliniLauren Michelle CoetzeeMaria Yvonne HembergerSiegfried KhaisebGiovanni CattoliWilliam G. DundonGiovanni FranzoMDPI AGarticlePCV-2cNamibiaoryxesepidemiologymolecular epidemiologyMedicineRENPathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1402, p 1402 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PCV-2c Namibia oryxes epidemiology molecular epidemiology Medicine R
spellingShingle	PCV-2c Namibia oryxes epidemiology molecular epidemiology Medicine R Umberto Molini Lauren Michelle Coetzee Maria Yvonne Hemberger Siegfried Khaiseb Giovanni Cattoli William G. Dundon Giovanni Franzo The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
description	For several years after its discovery, Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) represented a major threat to the swine industry through economic losses due to the associated clinical syndromes, decreased production performances in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals and disease management costs. Widespread vaccination administration has largely reduced the impact of this infection and represents the most effective control measure. The efficacy of vaccination is threatened by the emergence of novel (or uncommon) PCV-2 genotypes. In addition to domestic pigs, PCV-2 has been detected in several other species, a fact which could have an impact on new variant emergence and maintenance. Considering this, the present study assessed the distribution of the minor PCV-2c genotype in non-Suidae ungulates in Namibia. Red hartebeests (<i>Alcelaphus buselaphus caama</i>) (n = 44), kudus (<i>Tragelaphus strepsiceros</i>) (n = 10) and oryxes (<i>Oryx gazella</i>) (n = 54), whose mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled after slaughtering during the period 2019–2021, were included in the study. Two oryxes (3.7%; 95% CI = 0.45–12.75%) were PCV-2-positive by PCR. Complete genome sequence was obtained for the two samples identifying them as PCV-2c genotype. The sequences were identical and shared a high percentage of identity (~99.9%) with those recently obtained from warthogs living in the same area. The present study confirms the presence of the PCV-2c genotype (previously considered extinct) in Namibian wild animal populations and demonstrates greater than expected PCV-2 host plasticity. Because of the role these niches can have in the maintenance and evolution of minor PCV-2 genotypes, more extensive and dedicated studies should be performed to prepare authorities to promptly react to potential emerging threats from these viruses.
format	article
author	Umberto Molini Lauren Michelle Coetzee Maria Yvonne Hemberger Siegfried Khaiseb Giovanni Cattoli William G. Dundon Giovanni Franzo
author_facet	Umberto Molini Lauren Michelle Coetzee Maria Yvonne Hemberger Siegfried Khaiseb Giovanni Cattoli William G. Dundon Giovanni Franzo
author_sort	Umberto Molini
title	The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_short	The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_full	The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_fullStr	The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_full_unstemmed	The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)
title_sort	oryx antelope (<i>oryx gazella</i>): an unexpected host for porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/23a01d76664848dbb0cd692c75bea1af
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The Oryx Antelope (<i>Oryx gazella</i>): An Unexpected Host for Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2)

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