Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol

Esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was performed over chitosan with sulfonic acid groups, as a catalyst, at 60 °C. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced into chitosan (CH) by using chlorosulfonic acid. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analys...

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Autor principal:	José Castanheiro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	chitosan heterogeneous catalyst esterification Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/23c5ed4eb1ec4298868f7530c50068f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:23c5ed4eb1ec4298868f7530c50068f32021-11-25T18:48:22ZChitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol10.3390/polym132239242073-4360https://doaj.org/article/23c5ed4eb1ec4298868f7530c50068f32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3924https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was performed over chitosan with sulfonic acid groups, as a catalyst, at 60 °C. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced into chitosan (CH) by using chlorosulfonic acid. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and acid–base titration. Catalytic activity increased with the amount of sulfonic acid groups present on chitosan. The 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H catalyst (chitosan with sulfonic acid groups—sample 4 prepared) showed the highest activity of all materials. The esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was optimized using a 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions, it was found that, at 60 °C, with 0.2 g of catalyst loading and with a molar ratio methanol to caprylic acid equal 1:95, a caprylic acid conversion of about 83%, after 4 h could be obtained. Catalytic stability of the 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H material was evaluated through consecutive batch runs. After the second batch, the catalytic activity stabilized.José CastanheiroMDPI AGarticlechitosanheterogeneous catalystesterificationOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3924, p 3924 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chitosan heterogeneous catalyst esterification Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	chitosan heterogeneous catalyst esterification Organic chemistry QD241-441 José Castanheiro Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
description	Esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was performed over chitosan with sulfonic acid groups, as a catalyst, at 60 °C. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced into chitosan (CH) by using chlorosulfonic acid. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and acid–base titration. Catalytic activity increased with the amount of sulfonic acid groups present on chitosan. The 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H catalyst (chitosan with sulfonic acid groups—sample 4 prepared) showed the highest activity of all materials. The esterification of caprylic acid with methanol was optimized using a 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions, it was found that, at 60 °C, with 0.2 g of catalyst loading and with a molar ratio methanol to caprylic acid equal 1:95, a caprylic acid conversion of about 83%, after 4 h could be obtained. Catalytic stability of the 4–CH–SO<sub>3</sub>H material was evaluated through consecutive batch runs. After the second batch, the catalytic activity stabilized.
format	article
author	José Castanheiro
author_facet	José Castanheiro
author_sort	José Castanheiro
title	Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
title_short	Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
title_full	Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
title_fullStr	Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
title_full_unstemmed	Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol
title_sort	chitosan with sulfonic groups: a catalyst for the esterification of caprylic acid with methanol
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/23c5ed4eb1ec4298868f7530c50068f3
work_keys_str_mv	AT josecastanheiro chitosanwithsulfonicgroupsacatalystfortheesterificationofcaprylicacidwithmethanol
_version_	1718410699536859136

Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol

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