Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units

Abstract Daily weather affects total visitation to parks and protected areas, as well as visitors’ experiences. However, it is unknown if and how visitors change their spatial behavior within a park due to daily weather conditions. We investigated the impact of daily maximum temperature and precipit...

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Autores principales:	Emily J. Wilkins, Peter D. Howe, Jordan W. Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/23cbe654d4aa4a3a91b4c2d3e708a2a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:23cbe654d4aa4a3a91b4c2d3e708a2a52021-12-02T13:24:07ZSocial media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units10.1038/s41598-021-82145-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/23cbe654d4aa4a3a91b4c2d3e708a2a52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82145-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Daily weather affects total visitation to parks and protected areas, as well as visitors’ experiences. However, it is unknown if and how visitors change their spatial behavior within a park due to daily weather conditions. We investigated the impact of daily maximum temperature and precipitation on summer visitation patterns within 110 U.S. National Park Service units. We connected 489,061 geotagged Flickr photos to daily weather, as well as visitors’ elevation and distance to amenities (i.e., roads, waterbodies, parking areas, and buildings). We compared visitor behavior on cold, average, and hot days, and on days with precipitation compared to days without precipitation, across fourteen ecoregions within the continental U.S. Our results suggest daily weather impacts where visitors go within parks, and the effect of weather differs substantially by ecoregion. In most ecoregions, visitors stayed closer to infrastructure on rainy days. Temperature also affects visitors’ spatial behavior within parks, but there was not a consistent trend across ecoregions. Importantly, parks in some ecoregions contain more microclimates than others, which may allow visitors to adapt to unfavorable conditions. These findings suggest visitors’ spatial behavior in parks may change in the future due to the increasing frequency of hot summer days.Emily J. WilkinsPeter D. HoweJordan W. SmithNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Emily J. Wilkins Peter D. Howe Jordan W. Smith Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
description	Abstract Daily weather affects total visitation to parks and protected areas, as well as visitors’ experiences. However, it is unknown if and how visitors change their spatial behavior within a park due to daily weather conditions. We investigated the impact of daily maximum temperature and precipitation on summer visitation patterns within 110 U.S. National Park Service units. We connected 489,061 geotagged Flickr photos to daily weather, as well as visitors’ elevation and distance to amenities (i.e., roads, waterbodies, parking areas, and buildings). We compared visitor behavior on cold, average, and hot days, and on days with precipitation compared to days without precipitation, across fourteen ecoregions within the continental U.S. Our results suggest daily weather impacts where visitors go within parks, and the effect of weather differs substantially by ecoregion. In most ecoregions, visitors stayed closer to infrastructure on rainy days. Temperature also affects visitors’ spatial behavior within parks, but there was not a consistent trend across ecoregions. Importantly, parks in some ecoregions contain more microclimates than others, which may allow visitors to adapt to unfavorable conditions. These findings suggest visitors’ spatial behavior in parks may change in the future due to the increasing frequency of hot summer days.
format	article
author	Emily J. Wilkins Peter D. Howe Jordan W. Smith
author_facet	Emily J. Wilkins Peter D. Howe Jordan W. Smith
author_sort	Emily J. Wilkins
title	Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
title_short	Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
title_full	Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
title_fullStr	Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
title_full_unstemmed	Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units
title_sort	social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in u.s. national park service units
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/23cbe654d4aa4a3a91b4c2d3e708a2a5
work_keys_str_mv	AT emilyjwilkins socialmediarevealecoregionalvariationinhowweatherinfluencesvisitorbehaviorinusnationalparkserviceunits AT peterdhowe socialmediarevealecoregionalvariationinhowweatherinfluencesvisitorbehaviorinusnationalparkserviceunits AT jordanwsmith socialmediarevealecoregionalvariationinhowweatherinfluencesvisitorbehaviorinusnationalparkserviceunits
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Social media reveal ecoregional variation in how weather influences visitor behavior in U.S. National Park Service units

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