Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review

The head and neck tumors (HNT) are a heterogeneous group of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions, with distinctive molecular and clinical behaviors. Several studies have highlighted the presence of an altered metabolic phenotype in HNT, such as the upregulation of nicotinamide N-methylt...

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Autores principales:	Lucrezia Togni, Marco Mascitti, Davide Sartini, Roberto Campagna, Valentina Pozzi, Eleonora Salvolini, Annamaria Offidani, Andrea Santarelli, Monica Emanuelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase nicotinamide head and neck tumor oral squamous cell carcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma thyroid cancer Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/23df3dad214b4755b8b1653d94562cf4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:23df3dad214b4755b8b1653d94562cf42021-11-25T16:52:37ZNicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review10.3390/biom111115942218-273Xhttps://doaj.org/article/23df3dad214b4755b8b1653d94562cf42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/11/1594https://doaj.org/toc/2218-273XThe head and neck tumors (HNT) are a heterogeneous group of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions, with distinctive molecular and clinical behaviors. Several studies have highlighted the presence of an altered metabolic phenotype in HNT, such as the upregulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). However, its biological effects have not been completely disclosed and the role of NNMT in cancer cell metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, this comprehensive review aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the biological, diagnostic, and prognostic role of NNMT in HNT. NNMT was shown to be significantly overexpressed in all of the evaluated HNT types. Moreover, its upregulation has been correlated with cancer cell migration and adverse clinical outcomes, such as high-pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and locoregional recurrences. However, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) these associations are still debated, and several studies have failed to demonstrate the prognostic significance of NNMT. The shRNA-mediated gene silencing efficiently suppressed the NNMT gene expression and exhibited a clear inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, promoting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and modulating the cell cycle. NNMT could represent a new molecular biomarker and a new target of molecular-based therapy, although further studies on larger patient cohorts are needed to explore its biological role in HNT.Lucrezia TogniMarco MascittiDavide SartiniRoberto CampagnaValentina PozziEleonora SalvoliniAnnamaria OffidaniAndrea SantarelliMonica EmanuelliMDPI AGarticlenicotinamide N-methyltransferasenicotinamidehead and neck tumororal squamous cell carcinomaesophageal squamous cell carcinomathyroid cancerMicrobiologyQR1-502ENBiomolecules, Vol 11, Iss 1594, p 1594 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase nicotinamide head and neck tumor oral squamous cell carcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma thyroid cancer Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase nicotinamide head and neck tumor oral squamous cell carcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma thyroid cancer Microbiology QR1-502 Lucrezia Togni Marco Mascitti Davide Sartini Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Eleonora Salvolini Annamaria Offidani Andrea Santarelli Monica Emanuelli Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
description	The head and neck tumors (HNT) are a heterogeneous group of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions, with distinctive molecular and clinical behaviors. Several studies have highlighted the presence of an altered metabolic phenotype in HNT, such as the upregulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). However, its biological effects have not been completely disclosed and the role of NNMT in cancer cell metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, this comprehensive review aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the biological, diagnostic, and prognostic role of NNMT in HNT. NNMT was shown to be significantly overexpressed in all of the evaluated HNT types. Moreover, its upregulation has been correlated with cancer cell migration and adverse clinical outcomes, such as high-pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and locoregional recurrences. However, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) these associations are still debated, and several studies have failed to demonstrate the prognostic significance of NNMT. The shRNA-mediated gene silencing efficiently suppressed the NNMT gene expression and exhibited a clear inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, promoting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and modulating the cell cycle. NNMT could represent a new molecular biomarker and a new target of molecular-based therapy, although further studies on larger patient cohorts are needed to explore its biological role in HNT.
format	article
author	Lucrezia Togni Marco Mascitti Davide Sartini Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Eleonora Salvolini Annamaria Offidani Andrea Santarelli Monica Emanuelli
author_facet	Lucrezia Togni Marco Mascitti Davide Sartini Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Eleonora Salvolini Annamaria Offidani Andrea Santarelli Monica Emanuelli
author_sort	Lucrezia Togni
title	Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
title_short	Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
title_full	Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr	Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed	Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review
title_sort	nicotinamide n-methyltransferase in head and neck tumors: a comprehensive review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/23df3dad214b4755b8b1653d94562cf4
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Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Head and Neck Tumors: A Comprehensive Review

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