Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors

Abstract Chimpanzees and bonobos are highly capable of tracking other’s mental states. It has been proposed, however, that in contrast to humans, chimpanzees are only able to do this in competitive interactions but this has rarely been directly tested. Here, pairs of chimpanzees or bonobos (Study 1)...

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Autores principales:	Sebastian Grueneisen, Shona Duguid, Heiko Saur, Michael Tomasello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2432d1265d7f443985f1db5d689b6f59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2432d1265d7f443985f1db5d689b6f592021-12-02T12:30:36ZChildren, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors10.1038/s41598-017-08435-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/2432d1265d7f443985f1db5d689b6f592017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08435-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Chimpanzees and bonobos are highly capable of tracking other’s mental states. It has been proposed, however, that in contrast to humans, chimpanzees are only able to do this in competitive interactions but this has rarely been directly tested. Here, pairs of chimpanzees or bonobos (Study 1) and 4-year-old children (Study 2) were presented with two almost identical tasks differing only regarding the social context. In the cooperation condition, players’ interests were matched: they had to make corresponding choices to be mutually rewarded. To facilitate coordination, subjects should thus make their actions visible to their partner whose view was partially occluded. In the competition condition, players’ interests were directly opposed: the partner tried to match the subject’s choice but subjects were only rewarded if they chose differently, so that they benefited from hiding their actions. The apes successfully adapted their decisions to the social context and their performance was markedly better in the cooperation condition. Children also distinguished between the two contexts, but somewhat surprisingly, performed better in the competitive condition. These findings demonstrate experimentally that chimpanzees and bonobos can take into account what others can see in cooperative interactions. Their social-cognitive skills are thus more flexible than previously assumed.Sebastian GrueneisenShona DuguidHeiko SaurMichael TomaselloNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sebastian Grueneisen Shona Duguid Heiko Saur Michael Tomasello Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
description	Abstract Chimpanzees and bonobos are highly capable of tracking other’s mental states. It has been proposed, however, that in contrast to humans, chimpanzees are only able to do this in competitive interactions but this has rarely been directly tested. Here, pairs of chimpanzees or bonobos (Study 1) and 4-year-old children (Study 2) were presented with two almost identical tasks differing only regarding the social context. In the cooperation condition, players’ interests were matched: they had to make corresponding choices to be mutually rewarded. To facilitate coordination, subjects should thus make their actions visible to their partner whose view was partially occluded. In the competition condition, players’ interests were directly opposed: the partner tried to match the subject’s choice but subjects were only rewarded if they chose differently, so that they benefited from hiding their actions. The apes successfully adapted their decisions to the social context and their performance was markedly better in the cooperation condition. Children also distinguished between the two contexts, but somewhat surprisingly, performed better in the competitive condition. These findings demonstrate experimentally that chimpanzees and bonobos can take into account what others can see in cooperative interactions. Their social-cognitive skills are thus more flexible than previously assumed.
format	article
author	Sebastian Grueneisen Shona Duguid Heiko Saur Michael Tomasello
author_facet	Sebastian Grueneisen Shona Duguid Heiko Saur Michael Tomasello
author_sort	Sebastian Grueneisen
title	Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
title_short	Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
title_full	Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
title_fullStr	Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
title_full_unstemmed	Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
title_sort	children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/2432d1265d7f443985f1db5d689b6f59
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Children, chimpanzees, and bonobos adjust the visibility of their actions for cooperators and competitors

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