The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery

This research work aims to scrutinize the mathematical model for the hybrid nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel. Titanium dioxide and silver <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow>...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Anwar Saeed, Niqab Khan, Taza Gul, Wiyada Kumam, Wajdi Alghamdi, Poom Kumam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stretchable/shrinkable walls hybrid nanofluid drug delivery couple stresses Darcy–Forchheimer model heat absorption/omission (HAM) Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/245b9ddaae314e0999086075c8780854
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:245b9ddaae314e0999086075c8780854
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:245b9ddaae314e0999086075c87808542021-11-11T18:21:54ZThe Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery10.3390/molecules262163301420-3049https://doaj.org/article/245b9ddaae314e0999086075c87808542021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6330https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049This research work aims to scrutinize the mathematical model for the hybrid nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel. Titanium dioxide and silver <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mi>and</mi><mo> </mo><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are considered as solid nanoparticles while blood is considered a base solvent. The couple-stress fluid model is essentially use to describe the blood flow. Therefore, the couple-stress term was used in the recent study with the existence of a magnetic field and a Darcy–Forchheiner porous medium. The heat absorption/omission and radiation terms were also included in the energy equation for the sustainability of drug delivery. An endeavor was made to link the recent study with the applications of drug delivery. It has already been revealed by the available literature that the combination of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with any other metal can destroy cancer cells more effectively than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> separately. Both the walls are stretchable/shrinkable, whereas flow is caused by a source or sink with α as a converging/diverging parameter. Governing equations were altered into the system of non-linear coupled equations by using the similarity variables. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) was applied to obtain the preferred solution. The influences of the modeled parameters have been calculated and displayed. The confrontation of wall shear stress and hybrid nanofluid flow increased as the couple stress parameter rose, which indicates an improvement in the stability of the base fluid (blood). The percentage (%) increase in the heat transfer rate with the variation of nanoparticle volume fraction was also calculated numerically and discussed theoretically.Anwar SaeedNiqab KhanTaza GulWiyada KumamWajdi AlghamdiPoom KumamMDPI AGarticlestretchable/shrinkable wallshybrid nanofluiddrug deliverycouple stressesDarcy–Forchheimer modelheat absorption/omission (HAM)Organic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6330, p 6330 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stretchable/shrinkable walls hybrid nanofluid drug delivery couple stresses Darcy–Forchheimer model heat absorption/omission (HAM) Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	stretchable/shrinkable walls hybrid nanofluid drug delivery couple stresses Darcy–Forchheimer model heat absorption/omission (HAM) Organic chemistry QD241-441 Anwar Saeed Niqab Khan Taza Gul Wiyada Kumam Wajdi Alghamdi Poom Kumam The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
description	This research work aims to scrutinize the mathematical model for the hybrid nanofluid flow in a converging and diverging channel. Titanium dioxide and silver <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mi>and</mi><mo> </mo><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are considered as solid nanoparticles while blood is considered a base solvent. The couple-stress fluid model is essentially use to describe the blood flow. Therefore, the couple-stress term was used in the recent study with the existence of a magnetic field and a Darcy–Forchheiner porous medium. The heat absorption/omission and radiation terms were also included in the energy equation for the sustainability of drug delivery. An endeavor was made to link the recent study with the applications of drug delivery. It has already been revealed by the available literature that the combination of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> with any other metal can destroy cancer cells more effectively than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> separately. Both the walls are stretchable/shrinkable, whereas flow is caused by a source or sink with α as a converging/diverging parameter. Governing equations were altered into the system of non-linear coupled equations by using the similarity variables. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) was applied to obtain the preferred solution. The influences of the modeled parameters have been calculated and displayed. The confrontation of wall shear stress and hybrid nanofluid flow increased as the couple stress parameter rose, which indicates an improvement in the stability of the base fluid (blood). The percentage (%) increase in the heat transfer rate with the variation of nanoparticle volume fraction was also calculated numerically and discussed theoretically.
format	article
author	Anwar Saeed Niqab Khan Taza Gul Wiyada Kumam Wajdi Alghamdi Poom Kumam
author_facet	Anwar Saeed Niqab Khan Taza Gul Wiyada Kumam Wajdi Alghamdi Poom Kumam
author_sort	Anwar Saeed
title	The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
title_short	The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
title_full	The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
title_fullStr	The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed	The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery
title_sort	flow of blood-based hybrid nanofluids with couple stresses by the convergent and divergent channel for the applications of drug delivery
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/245b9ddaae314e0999086075c8780854
work_keys_str_mv	AT anwarsaeed theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT niqabkhan theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT tazagul theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT wiyadakumam theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT wajdialghamdi theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT poomkumam theflowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT anwarsaeed flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT niqabkhan flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT tazagul flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT wiyadakumam flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT wajdialghamdi flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery AT poomkumam flowofbloodbasedhybridnanofluidswithcouplestressesbytheconvergentanddivergentchannelfortheapplicationsofdrugdelivery
_version_	1718431811773661184

The Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluids with Couple Stresses by the Convergent and Divergent Channel for the Applications of Drug Delivery

Ejemplares similares