Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics

This study investigated the effects of MUN and climatological factors on the inter calving period (ICP), reproductive performance (RP%), and reproductive index (RI) in Holstein Friesian (<i>n</i> = 1177) and Jersey cows (<i>n</i> = 3305) in different seasons in the subtropics...

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Autores principales:	Edward Cottington Webb, Elandri de Bruyn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dairy MUN urea reproduction season subtropics Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24731439fbe048f695675643d4fd68c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24731439fbe048f695675643d4fd68c42021-11-25T16:14:28ZEffects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics10.3390/ani111130682076-2615https://doaj.org/article/24731439fbe048f695675643d4fd68c42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3068https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615This study investigated the effects of MUN and climatological factors on the inter calving period (ICP), reproductive performance (RP%), and reproductive index (RI) in Holstein Friesian (<i>n</i> = 1177) and Jersey cows (<i>n</i> = 3305) in different seasons in the subtropics. Threshold values for MUN on the reproduction of dairy cows in the subtropics remain controversial due to complex environmental interactions, especially with high environmental temperatures. A retrospective analysis was conducted of data obtained from the National Milk Recording scheme of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in South Africa. The results confirm that MUN influences the reproduction of dairy cows in the subtropics. MUN concentrations exceeding 18.1 ± 4.28 mg/dL in Holstein Friesian cows and 13.0 ± 4.70 mg/dL in Jersey cows extended the inter calving period (ICP), and decreased RP% and RI. Jersey cows have a lower threshold MUN concentration compared to Holstein Friesian cows, but they are not adversely affected by high humidity or temperatures, while Holstein Friesian cows are.Edward Cottington WebbElandri de BruynMDPI AGarticledairyMUNureareproductionseasonsubtropicsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3068, p 3068 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dairy MUN urea reproduction season subtropics Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	dairy MUN urea reproduction season subtropics Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Edward Cottington Webb Elandri de Bruyn Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
description	This study investigated the effects of MUN and climatological factors on the inter calving period (ICP), reproductive performance (RP%), and reproductive index (RI) in Holstein Friesian (<i>n</i> = 1177) and Jersey cows (<i>n</i> = 3305) in different seasons in the subtropics. Threshold values for MUN on the reproduction of dairy cows in the subtropics remain controversial due to complex environmental interactions, especially with high environmental temperatures. A retrospective analysis was conducted of data obtained from the National Milk Recording scheme of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in South Africa. The results confirm that MUN influences the reproduction of dairy cows in the subtropics. MUN concentrations exceeding 18.1 ± 4.28 mg/dL in Holstein Friesian cows and 13.0 ± 4.70 mg/dL in Jersey cows extended the inter calving period (ICP), and decreased RP% and RI. Jersey cows have a lower threshold MUN concentration compared to Holstein Friesian cows, but they are not adversely affected by high humidity or temperatures, while Holstein Friesian cows are.
format	article
author	Edward Cottington Webb Elandri de Bruyn
author_facet	Edward Cottington Webb Elandri de Bruyn
author_sort	Edward Cottington Webb
title	Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
title_short	Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
title_full	Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
title_fullStr	Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics
title_sort	effects of milk urea nitrogen (mun) and climatological factors on reproduction efficiency of holstein friesian and jersey cows in the subtropics
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/24731439fbe048f695675643d4fd68c4
work_keys_str_mv	AT edwardcottingtonwebb effectsofmilkureanitrogenmunandclimatologicalfactorsonreproductionefficiencyofholsteinfriesianandjerseycowsinthesubtropics AT elandridebruyn effectsofmilkureanitrogenmunandclimatologicalfactorsonreproductionefficiencyofholsteinfriesianandjerseycowsinthesubtropics
_version_	1718413244811444224

Effects of Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) and Climatological Factors on Reproduction Efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey Cows in the Subtropics

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