Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts

ABSTRACT Transposases, enzymes that catalyze the movement of mobile genetic elements, are the most abundant genes in nature. While many bacteria encode an abundance of transposases in their genomes, the current paradigm is that the expression of transposase genes is tightly regulated and generally l...

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Autores principales:	Manuel Kleiner, Jacque C. Young, Manesh Shah, Nathan C. VerBerkmoes, Nicole Dubilier
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/2476259fd7234124b78cddc5054d0263
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:2476259fd7234124b78cddc5054d02632021-11-15T15:40:06ZMetaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts10.1128/mBio.00223-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/2476259fd7234124b78cddc5054d02632013-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00223-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Transposases, enzymes that catalyze the movement of mobile genetic elements, are the most abundant genes in nature. While many bacteria encode an abundance of transposases in their genomes, the current paradigm is that the expression of transposase genes is tightly regulated and generally low due to its severe mutagenic effects. In the current study, we detected the highest number of transposase proteins ever reported in bacteria, in symbionts of the gutless marine worm Olavius algarvensis with metaproteomics. At least 26 different transposases from 12 different families were detected, and genomic and proteomic analyses suggest that many of these are active. This high expression of transposases indicates that the mechanisms for their tight regulation have been disabled or no longer exist. IMPORTANCE The expansion of transposable elements (TE) within the genomes of host-restricted symbionts and pathogens plays an important role in their emergence and evolution and might be a key mechanism for adaptation to the host environment. However, little is known so far about the underlying causes and evolutionary mechanisms of this TE expansion. The current model of genome evolution in host-restricted bacteria explains TE expansion within the confines of the paradigm that transposase expression is always low. However, recent work failed to verify this model. Based on our data, we hypothesize that increased transposase expression, which has not previously been described, may play a role in TE expansion, and could be one explanation for the sometimes very rapid emergence and evolution of new obligate symbionts and pathogens from facultative ones.Manuel KleinerJacque C. YoungManesh ShahNathan C. VerBerkmoesNicole DubilierAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 3 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Manuel Kleiner Jacque C. Young Manesh Shah Nathan C. VerBerkmoes Nicole Dubilier Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
description	ABSTRACT Transposases, enzymes that catalyze the movement of mobile genetic elements, are the most abundant genes in nature. While many bacteria encode an abundance of transposases in their genomes, the current paradigm is that the expression of transposase genes is tightly regulated and generally low due to its severe mutagenic effects. In the current study, we detected the highest number of transposase proteins ever reported in bacteria, in symbionts of the gutless marine worm Olavius algarvensis with metaproteomics. At least 26 different transposases from 12 different families were detected, and genomic and proteomic analyses suggest that many of these are active. This high expression of transposases indicates that the mechanisms for their tight regulation have been disabled or no longer exist. IMPORTANCE The expansion of transposable elements (TE) within the genomes of host-restricted symbionts and pathogens plays an important role in their emergence and evolution and might be a key mechanism for adaptation to the host environment. However, little is known so far about the underlying causes and evolutionary mechanisms of this TE expansion. The current model of genome evolution in host-restricted bacteria explains TE expansion within the confines of the paradigm that transposase expression is always low. However, recent work failed to verify this model. Based on our data, we hypothesize that increased transposase expression, which has not previously been described, may play a role in TE expansion, and could be one explanation for the sometimes very rapid emergence and evolution of new obligate symbionts and pathogens from facultative ones.
format	article
author	Manuel Kleiner Jacque C. Young Manesh Shah Nathan C. VerBerkmoes Nicole Dubilier
author_facet	Manuel Kleiner Jacque C. Young Manesh Shah Nathan C. VerBerkmoes Nicole Dubilier
author_sort	Manuel Kleiner
title	Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
title_short	Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
title_full	Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
title_fullStr	Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
title_full_unstemmed	Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts
title_sort	metaproteomics reveals abundant transposase expression in mutualistic endosymbionts
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/2476259fd7234124b78cddc5054d0263
work_keys_str_mv	AT manuelkleiner metaproteomicsrevealsabundanttransposaseexpressioninmutualisticendosymbionts AT jacquecyoung metaproteomicsrevealsabundanttransposaseexpressioninmutualisticendosymbionts AT maneshshah metaproteomicsrevealsabundanttransposaseexpressioninmutualisticendosymbionts AT nathancverberkmoes metaproteomicsrevealsabundanttransposaseexpressioninmutualisticendosymbionts AT nicoledubilier metaproteomicsrevealsabundanttransposaseexpressioninmutualisticendosymbionts
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Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts

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