A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.

Burgess Shale-type deposits provide invaluable insights into the early evolution of body plans and the ecological structure of Cambrian communities, but a number of species, continue to defy phylogenetic interpretations. Here we extend this list to include a new soft-bodied animal, Siphusauctum greg...

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Autores principales:	Lorna J O'Brien, Jean-Bernard Caron
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/248f076fae324fcbb75213d36f5b2e0b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:248f076fae324fcbb75213d36f5b2e0b2021-11-18T07:29:59ZA new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0029233https://doaj.org/article/248f076fae324fcbb75213d36f5b2e0b2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22279532/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Burgess Shale-type deposits provide invaluable insights into the early evolution of body plans and the ecological structure of Cambrian communities, but a number of species, continue to defy phylogenetic interpretations. Here we extend this list to include a new soft-bodied animal, Siphusauctum gregarium n. gen. and n. sp., from the Tulip Beds (Campsite Cliff Shale Member, Burgess Shale Formation) of Mount Stephen (Yoho National Park, British Columbia). With 1,133 specimens collected, S. gregarium is clearly the most abundant animal from this locality.This stalked animal (reaching at least 20 cm in length), has a large ovoid calyx connected to a narrow bilayered stem and a small flattened or bulb-like holdfast. The calyx is enclosed by a flexible sheath with six small openings at the base, and a central terminal anus near the top encircled by indistinct openings. A prominent organ, represented by six radially symmetrical segments with comb-like elements, surrounds an internal body cavity with a large stomach, conical median gut and straight intestine. Siphusauctum gregarium was probably an active filter-feeder, with water passing through the calyx openings, capturing food particles with its comb-like elements. It often occurs in large assemblages on single bedding planes suggesting a gregarious lifestyle, with the animal living in high tier clusters. These were probably buried en masse more or less in-situ by rapid mud flow events.Siphusauctum gregarium resembles Dinomischus, another Cambrian enigmatic stalked animal. Principal points of comparison include a long stem with a calyx containing a visceral mass and bract-like elements, and a similar lifestyle albeit occupying different tiering levels. The presence in both animals of a digestive tract with a potential stomach and anus suggest a grade of organization within bilaterians, but relationships with extant phyla are not straightforward. Thus, the broader affinities of S. gregarium remain largely unconstrained.Lorna J O'BrienJean-Bernard CaronPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e29233 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lorna J O'Brien Jean-Bernard Caron A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
description	Burgess Shale-type deposits provide invaluable insights into the early evolution of body plans and the ecological structure of Cambrian communities, but a number of species, continue to defy phylogenetic interpretations. Here we extend this list to include a new soft-bodied animal, Siphusauctum gregarium n. gen. and n. sp., from the Tulip Beds (Campsite Cliff Shale Member, Burgess Shale Formation) of Mount Stephen (Yoho National Park, British Columbia). With 1,133 specimens collected, S. gregarium is clearly the most abundant animal from this locality.This stalked animal (reaching at least 20 cm in length), has a large ovoid calyx connected to a narrow bilayered stem and a small flattened or bulb-like holdfast. The calyx is enclosed by a flexible sheath with six small openings at the base, and a central terminal anus near the top encircled by indistinct openings. A prominent organ, represented by six radially symmetrical segments with comb-like elements, surrounds an internal body cavity with a large stomach, conical median gut and straight intestine. Siphusauctum gregarium was probably an active filter-feeder, with water passing through the calyx openings, capturing food particles with its comb-like elements. It often occurs in large assemblages on single bedding planes suggesting a gregarious lifestyle, with the animal living in high tier clusters. These were probably buried en masse more or less in-situ by rapid mud flow events.Siphusauctum gregarium resembles Dinomischus, another Cambrian enigmatic stalked animal. Principal points of comparison include a long stem with a calyx containing a visceral mass and bract-like elements, and a similar lifestyle albeit occupying different tiering levels. The presence in both animals of a digestive tract with a potential stomach and anus suggest a grade of organization within bilaterians, but relationships with extant phyla are not straightforward. Thus, the broader affinities of S. gregarium remain largely unconstrained.
format	article
author	Lorna J O'Brien Jean-Bernard Caron
author_facet	Lorna J O'Brien Jean-Bernard Caron
author_sort	Lorna J O'Brien
title	A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
title_short	A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
title_full	A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
title_fullStr	A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
title_full_unstemmed	A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.
title_sort	new stalked filter-feeder from the middle cambrian burgess shale, british columbia, canada.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/248f076fae324fcbb75213d36f5b2e0b
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A new stalked filter-feeder from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada.

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