The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.

Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain iso...

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Autores principales:	Silke R Klee, Elzbieta B Brzuszkiewicz, Herbert Nattermann, Holger Brüggemann, Susann Dupke, Antje Wollherr, Tatjana Franz, Georg Pauli, Bernd Appel, Wolfgang Liebl, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Christophe Boesch, Frauke-Dorothee Meyer, Fabian H Leendertz, Heinz Ellerbrok, Gerhard Gottschalk, Roland Grunow, Heiko Liesegang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d2021-12-02T20:20:13ZThe genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010986https://doaj.org/article/24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d2010-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20634886/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".Silke R KleeElzbieta B BrzuszkiewiczHerbert NattermannHolger BrüggemannSusann DupkeAntje WollherrTatjana FranzGeorg PauliBernd AppelWolfgang LieblEmmanuel Couacy-HymannChristophe BoeschFrauke-Dorothee MeyerFabian H LeendertzHeinz EllerbrokGerhard GottschalkRoland GrunowHeiko LiesegangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 7, p e10986 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Silke R Klee Elzbieta B Brzuszkiewicz Herbert Nattermann Holger Brüggemann Susann Dupke Antje Wollherr Tatjana Franz Georg Pauli Bernd Appel Wolfgang Liebl Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Christophe Boesch Frauke-Dorothee Meyer Fabian H Leendertz Heinz Ellerbrok Gerhard Gottschalk Roland Grunow Heiko Liesegang The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
description	Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".
format	article
author	Silke R Klee Elzbieta B Brzuszkiewicz Herbert Nattermann Holger Brüggemann Susann Dupke Antje Wollherr Tatjana Franz Georg Pauli Bernd Appel Wolfgang Liebl Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Christophe Boesch Frauke-Dorothee Meyer Fabian H Leendertz Heinz Ellerbrok Gerhard Gottschalk Roland Grunow Heiko Liesegang
author_facet	Silke R Klee Elzbieta B Brzuszkiewicz Herbert Nattermann Holger Brüggemann Susann Dupke Antje Wollherr Tatjana Franz Georg Pauli Bernd Appel Wolfgang Liebl Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann Christophe Boesch Frauke-Dorothee Meyer Fabian H Leendertz Heinz Ellerbrok Gerhard Gottschalk Roland Grunow Heiko Liesegang
author_sort	Silke R Klee
title	The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
title_short	The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
title_full	The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
title_fullStr	The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
title_full_unstemmed	The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
title_sort	genome of a bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of b. cereus with b. anthracis virulence plasmids.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/24b731029ebb439d80a311f2a222a83d
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The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.

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